Nearly a quarter of the Dutch population identifies as Roman Catholic, making this the most prominent religion in the country. As such, it should come as no surprise that many Dutch people celebrate the Christian holiday Driekoningen (Epiphany), also known as Three Kings Day.
In this article, you’ll learn what Epiphany is all about and explore a variety of Dutch traditions for this holiday. Let’s get started!
1. What is Epiphany?
Epiphany is a religious feestdag (holiday) on which Christians commemorate the three wise men who followed a bright star to find Baby Jesus. This is not a public holiday in the Netherlands, though it is still an important holiday for Catholic and Protestant believers in the country.
The story behind the Epiphany holiday is as follows:
Three wise men named Melchior, Caspar, and Balthazar noticed an unusual star in the sky while they traveled. Amazed by the sight, the trio decided to follow after it and were led to the birthplace of Jesus. Seeing this as the openbaring (revelation) of their Savior being born, they offered Jesus gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh.
Many Christians consider this a key event in the story and life of Jesus. During Christmas services several days before, many kerken (churches) read the story from the Bible or host a play outlining the story.
→ Visit our Religion vocabulary list to learn the names of different religions in Dutch, or watch our Video Culture Class lesson on Christmas to familiarize yourself with Dutch traditions for this nearby holiday.
2. When is Epiphany Celebrated?
Each year, most countries celebrate Epiphany on January 6. Some churches, however, hold their celebrations on the Sunday following this date.
3. How is Epiphany Celebrated?
Despite Epiphany not being a public holiday, there are plenty of celebrations each year.
One of the most common Three Kings Day traditions is for primary schools to host plays or skits at their local church. These plays will involve kinderen (children) dressing up in costumes to represent the different characters and figures in the story: the three wise men, Mary, Joseph, King Herod, Baby Jesus, and even the animals!
There is an annual parade in Maastricht during Epiphany, so make sure to check it out if you get a chance. The main feature is several men fully costumed to look like koningen (kings), riding on horses and donkeys. They are accompanied by people dressed as shepherds, as well as Mary, Joseph, and Baby Jesus. Sometimes, children will march alongside the procession carrying lantaarns (lanterns).
In times past, Epiphany was associated with baptism and doop (christening). This tradition still carries over to some extent, with baptism water being consecrated on this day. This consecrated water is then used to bless people’s homes, after which the letters C+M+B are written with chalk on their doors. There are two schools of thought concerning what these letters mean:
1. They could stand for the Latin phrase meaning, “Christ, bless this house.”
2. They could also represent the names of the three wise men (Caspar, Melchior, and Balthazar).
Epiphany in the Netherlands is a favorite holiday among children, if for no other reason than all of the sweets and geld (money) they receive! Similar to Halloween, children dress up in costumes representing the three wise men and go from door to door while carrying lanterns. They sing songs at each door and are then rewarded with a variety of sweets and candies (and sometimes even money). The act of carrying lanterns originates from the belief that the lantern light wards off evil; the giving of treats is rooted in the pagan tradition of sacrificial meals.
4. King’s Cake
As most good holidays are, Epiphany is also a time to enjoy some delicious food!
While traditional holiday foods are common on this day, the most popular food item is King’s bread. This sweet treat is a round-shaped loaf of bread made with ingredients such as flour, sugar, yeast, milk, and almond paste.
Inside the bread, one bakes three uncooked beans: two white beans and one dark. The person who receives the dark bean in their slice of bread is considered ‘king’ or ‘queen’ for that day. Some believe this also predicts luck for the coming year.
→ We have an entire lesson dedicated to Sweets and Desserts in the Netherlands. If you have a sweet tooth on you, make sure to check it out!
5. Essential Vocabulary for Epiphany
To conclude, let’s review some of the Dutch words used in this article, plus a few more!
Geld (Money)
noun, neutral
Snoep (Candy)
noun, neutral
Kind (Child)
noun, neutral
Kerk (Church)
noun, feminine
Feestdag (Holiday)
noun, feminine
Bijbel (Bible)
noun, feminine
Zingen (Sing)
verb
Lied (Song)
noun, neutral
Driekoningen (Epiphany)
proper noun, masculine
Lantaarn (Lantern)
noun, masculine
Koning (King)
noun, masculine
Openbaring (Revelation)
noun, feminine
Verkleden (Disguise)
verb
Doop (Christening)
noun, masculine
You can also visit our list of Dutch Vocabulary for Epiphany to hear the pronunciation of each word and practice along with the audio.
Final Thoughts
While Epiphany is not as big a deal in the Netherlands as it is in many other European countries, there are still plenty of holiday traditions associated with this day. Do you celebrate Epiphany in your country? If so, how do your traditions compare to those in the Netherlands?
We hope you enjoyed learning about this little slice of Dutch culture with us and that you feel inspired to continue learning.
DutchPod101.com is the best place to learn about Dutch culture alongside the language. Most of our lessons combine grammar points, vocabulary lists, and cultural insights so that you get the most out of your study time. We provide lessons and other learning materials for learners at every level, so you can jump right in no matter where you are on your language learning journey.
Not sure where to start? How about reading more articles on popular Dutch holidays? We recommend the following:
Are fear and uncertainty keeping you from getting started with Dutch?
This is a common issue for many potential Dutch-learners. They tend to wonder things like: “Is Dutch hard to learn?” and “Is learning Dutch really worth it?”
If this sounds like you, you’ve come to the right place. In this article, we’re going to answer all of your questions and clear up any doubts you may be having.
At first, Dutch might seem like a very difficult language, but it’s surprisingly easy for English- and German-speakers. Dutch has even been described as a combination of the English and German languages! This makes it one of the easiest languages to learn for speakers of either language. That said, learning Dutch will take some time and effort, no matter what your native language is.
So, is Dutch hard to learn? No, it isn’t. And in this article, we’ll show you why.
DutchPod101 will give you a clear overview of what things might make Dutch hard to learn, and which parts are easy-peasy for new learners. With the right tools, you can overcome even the more challenging aspects of the language. We’ll show you that you can master the Dutch language, and we’ll even tell you how.
So, let’s start with the more challenging side of the Dutch language: Why is Dutch hard to learn?
Every language has some tricky parts, and the only way to manage them is to be aware of them. In the long run, this will make learning Dutch a lot easier for you and provide you with a solid learning base.
1. Tricky Pronunciation
Many new learners find Dutch hard to pronounce.
Even the most fluent foreign Dutch-speakers struggle with this, as the language has the weirdest combinations of letters. For example, there are consonant combinations like: nk, sch, ng, and nk. In addition, you’ll find some consonant combinations that form one sound, and others that form two sounds.
Consonant combinations that form one sound:
Letter
(English) Pronunciation
Example
ng
It sounds like the [ng] in the English word “cling” or “thing.”
lang (“long”)
ch
The ch has three different pronunciations: 1) Like the Dutch “g,” 2) like [sh] in the English word “ship,” and 3) as [k] in the English word “Christ.”
1)licht (“light”), 2)douche (“shower”), and 3)Chris (“Chris,” the name)
sj
It’s pronounced like [sh] in the English word “ship.”
sjaal (“scarf”)
Now let’s look at the combinations that form two separate sounds:
Letter
(English) Pronunciation
Example
sch
It’s pronounced like an [s] followed by a harsh [ch], as in the Scottish word “loch.”
schaap (“sheep”)
nk
It’s the same sound as in the English word “link.”
pink (“little finger”)
kn
Unlike in English, a k before an n is pronounced. You’ll hear both sounds separately.
knoop (“button”)
ps
Unlike in English, a p before an s is pronounced. You’ll hear both sounds separately.
psycholoog (“psychologist”)
And it’s not just the consonants! There’s another tricky aspect to Dutch pronunciation: diphthongs. These are combinations of two vowels that make a fluid sound that no vowel makes on its own in Dutch:
Letter
(English) Pronunciation
Example
ai
This Dutch diphthong is pronounced as [I] like in “I am” in English.
mais (“corn”)
au
It’s pronounced like [ow] in the English word “now.”
auto (“car”)
ei
It’s pronounced as the [i] in the English word “find.”
ei (“egg”)
eu
This sound doesn’t exist in English, but you may know it from the French word “beurre.”
leuk (“fun”)
ie
It’s pronounced like [ee] in the English word “bee.”
mier (“ant”)
ij
It’s pronounced exactly the same as the Dutch ei diphthong.
wijn (“wine”)
oe
It’s pronounced like [oo] in the English word “pool.”
moe (“tired”)
ou
This diphthong has exactly the same sound as the Dutch au diphthong.
koud (“cold”)
ui
This sound doesn’t exist in English, but it’s a combination of the [a] sound in “man” followed by a long Dutch u.
muis (“mouse”)
All you can do is practice, practice, and practice even more. Luckily, DutchPod101 is here to help.
So let’s continue with another reason why people find the Dutch language hard to learn: the confusing word order.
Of course, simple sentences can just be made with a subject and a verb:
Subject + Verb
Ik praat. (“I talk.”)
De jongen verft. (“The boy paints.”)
Adding a direct object to the mix is rather easy as well:
Subject + Verb + (Direct) Object
Ik praatmet mijn vader.(“I talk to my father.”)
De jongen verftde deur. (“The boy paints the door.”)
The direct object in Dutch is called lijdend voorwerp (“leading entity/object”). It normally comes right after the verb.
However, when the sentences get longer, the word order gets more confusing. It becomes especially difficult when there are several verbs in the mix, because you’ll have to start splitting the verbs—something you don’t do in English. So be aware.
How do you know if you should split a verb or not? Be cautious when using the present perfect, past perfect, future simple, future perfect, conditional, and conditional perfect verbs. When you use them, you may need to put a verb at the end of a sentence:
Subject + Working verb+ Adverb + (Adjective+) Direct object+ (Adjective +)(Indirect object+) Other verb
Here are examples for all six Dutch tenses that can make sentences end with a verb:
Present perfect: De jongen heeftin het huisde gele deur met zwarte verf geverfd. (“The boy has painted the yellow door in the house with black paint.”)
Past perfect: De jongen hadin het huisde gele deur met zwarte verf geverfd. (“The boy had painted the yellow door in the house with black paint.”)
Future simple: De jongen zalin het huisde gele deur met zwarte verf verven. (“The boy will paint the yellow door in the house with black paint.”)
Future perfect: De jongen zalin het huisde gele deur met zwarte verf hebben geverfd. (“The boy will have painted the yellow door in the house with black paint.”)
Conditional: De jongen zouin het huisde gele deur met zwarte verf verven. (“The boy would paint the yellow door in the house with black paint.”)
Conditional perfect: De jongen zouin het huis de gele deur met zwarte verf hebben geverfd. (“The boy would have painted the yellow door in the house with black paint.”)
Do you find this very confusing? Try not to worry too much about it. When you’ve just started learning Dutch, you don’t have to worry about little details like this yet. For now, just be aware that these rules exist; it will help a lot when you’re a more advanced Dutch-learner.
→ Do you want to start learning Dutch? Then you should study more about Dutch sentence patterns. Check out this useful lesson series on the Top 10 Sentence Patterns for Beginners.
3. De vs. Het – Two Ways to Say “The”
The Dutch language has two different ways to say the word “the”: de and het. In theory, all masculine and feminine words get de while all neuter words get het:
De vrouw (“The woman”)
De man (“The man”)
Het kind (“The child,” neuter)
However, a lot of Dutch words don’t have a clear gender indication, so it can be quite challenging to know which word to use. It’s something you just have to hear, memorize, and develop a knack for.
Here are some tips to help you overcome this confusing ordeal:
All words referring to persons (individuals) are de-words (de voetballer = “the football player” / de president = “the president”).
All plural words get de (de katten = “the cats” / de stoelen = “the chairs”).
All words made smaller with (e)(t/d)je are neuter (het kindje = “the little child” / het bloemetje = “the little flower”).
Words ending with -el or -er are often de-words (de tafel = “the table” / de bakker =“the baker”).
All infinitive verbs that are used as a noun have the neuter het (het fietsen =“the cycling” / het schrijven = “the writing”).
Words with standard prefixes like ge-, ver-, ont-, and be-, and those without an -ing ending, are neuter (het verhaal = “the story” / het ontslag = “the resignation”).
Almost all words with the standard suffixes -ing, -ij, -ie, -e, and -heid are feminine (de politie = “the police” / de schoonheid = “the beauty” / de drukkerij = “the printing company” / de dame = “the lady”).
We know, we know. Why is Dutch so hard to learn?
Now that we’ve shown you some of the trickier aspects of the Dutch language—and how to learn them well—let’s get to the good news.
2. Why is Dutch Easy to Learn?
You’ve just survived the three most challenging parts of the Dutch language, but we promise that it’s not all bad. Dutch is actually a pretty easy language to learn with the right tools. Let’s show you why.
1. Dutch is Very Similar to English and German
As we mentioned in the introduction, Dutch is very similar to English and German. We’re guessing that you already speak one of those two languages (probably English since you’re reading this article). That’s great! It means that you have a head-start: Dutch is one of the easiest languages to learn for native English– or German-speakers.
Why is that?
Dutch is part of the Indo-European family of languages and belongs to the Germanic branch, as do English and German. That’s why Dutch is quite similar to those languages (but without the difficult grammar of the German language, lucky for you).
2. You Already Know Some Dutch Words
You may not realize it, but you probably already know some Dutch words.
Back in the day, the Dutch had quite some influence all over the world, and they brought their language with them. That’s why some English words have Dutch origins, as do some other languages such as German, Spanish, and French.
But these won’t be the only words you already know! It also works the other way around, as the Dutch language adopts a lot of foreign words and expressions. German, English, and French words are often used in Dutch conversations.
Here are some examples:
From German: Bühne (“Stage”), Folie (“Foil”), Föhn (“Hairdryer”)
From French: Abonnement (“Subscription”), Actrice (“Actress”), Capuchon (“Hood,” of a jacket)
And don’t forget those more modern words that the Dutch adopt into their language: whatsappen (“to whatsapp”), bad hair day, out-of-the-box denken (“to think out of the box”), netflixen (“to Netflix”).
3. Dutch People Appreciate Your Efforts
The Dutch are used to foreigners speaking English with them. They don’t really mind it, as they accept that their language isn’t very popular or widely spoken. However, when foreigners (try to) speak Dutch, native speakers are pleasantly surprised and are happy to help. They’ll appreciate your effort, try to speak extra-slow, and help you whenever you get stuck.
You might need to make it clear first that you really prefer to speak Dutch, as they’ll switch to English out of habit if you don’t. But once that’s cleared up, their willingness to help will turn out to be one of the best things about learning the language.
4. Your Pronunciation and Grammar Don’t Have to be Perfect
The Dutch aren’t too picky or arrogant regarding their language. Mistakes are okay, and even Dutch natives can be quite sloppy with their own language. Grammar rules aren’t always taken into account and even pronunciation isn’t always perfect.
The Netherlands may be a small country, but it has a lot of dialects and accents from region to region. That’s why there’s no such thing as perfect Dutch pronunciation. Take, for example, the hard g sound in the north and the soft g sound in the south.
Of course, you should try to learn Dutch the best you can, but it’s simply okay to make mistakes.
3. What are the Best Ways to Start Learning Dutch?
Would you like to learn Dutch? There are many reasons why you would benefit from learning the Dutch language: it broadens your mind, gives you new opportunities, and is a great way to get to know another culture.
With the right motivation and some useful learning tips, you’ll be able to master this not-so-complicated language. So how can you learn the Dutch language quickly and easily?
1. Create a Study Schedule and Set Some Goals
Learning a new language can be quite overwhelming—there’s so much to learn! So how can you approach this big task in an orderly manner?
Structure is key. Many new language-learners get started quite unorganized. They start off strong, but after a few weeks, they begin to lose motivation. To avoid this fate, it’s very important that you create a clear study schedule and set some goals. Goals give you motivation and something to strive for; a study schedule gives you the consistency needed to achieve those goals.
2. Use Word Lists to Build Up a Solid Vocabulary Base
If you want to speak and understand Dutch, you need a solid vocabulary base. But with so many words to learn, where should you start? Luckily, there are some tools available to help you build up your vocabulary, such as our word lists.
Just choose a topic that you find interesting and learn words related to that topic, one at a time. DutchPod101 has vocabulary lists on nationalities, animal names, occupations, and so much more.
You may even want to set yourself some learning goals. For example, to memorize one or two vocabulary lists a week, or one new word a day.
3. Don’t be Afraid to Make Mistakes
As we said before, it’s okay to make mistakes. Everybody makes mistakes when they start learning a language, and it’s the only way to really start understanding it. So make mistakes, learn from them, and improve your Dutch.
The most important thing is that you practice your Dutch; with time, those mistakes will happen less frequently.
Learning Dutch vocabulary and grammar is great, but it’s not everything. To really learn a language, it’s important that you take every opportunity you have to practice. Whether it’s with your private teacher or with the baker in your Dutch neighborhood, just try to talk and put everything you’ve learned into practice. You don’t need that many words or extensive knowledge of complicated grammar rules to communicate. It’s okay to make mistakes, as long as you keep on speaking, listening, reading, and writing Dutch.
Practice is the only way to improve your Dutch, so go ahead and dive into the Dutch language. Watch Dutch series, read books in Dutch, listen to Dutch music, or tune in for a podcast. Talk with every Dutchie you meet and start writing stories in Dutch. Practice at every opportunity!
5. Make Learning Dutch Fun
Learning a new language shouldn’t be boring. When it’s boring, you definitely won’t be able to stick with it. So try to make learning Dutch as enjoyable as possible.
Of course, you can’t ignore learning the Dutch grammar rules or those endless lists of verb conjugations. But you can mix some fun into your learning by combining this dry type of studying with things you enjoy. For example, watching a Dutch TV show with subtitles, or listening to Dutch music and trying to translate or understand the lyrics.
This way, you’ll be more inclined to study!
→ Would you like to start watching Dutch TV? Luckily, the Netherlands has some great Dutch TV shows and series for beginners, intermediate learners, and advanced learners.
4. Why is DutchPod101 Great for Learning Dutch?
To summarize, let’s go back to the main question: Is Dutch a hard language to learn? No, but like any language, it has its challenging parts. However, with the right tools, you’ll be able to learn it with little problem. This is where DutchPod101 comes in. We’ll make your Dutch learning experience fun, fast, and simpler than you think!
1. An Integrated Approach
DutchPod101 works with an integrated approach by blending several skills into every lesson. So in just one lesson, you’ll be working on your reading, listening, and writing skills. This is because we provide audio recordings for you to listen to, transcripts and vocabulary words to read, and writing exercises to try it out for yourself.
This will make your Dutch learning more natural and effective. In one solid package, you’ll be able to work on all of the most crucial language skills.
2. A Massive Offering of Free Content
Whatever your learning level, DutchPod101 offers a great collection of content to help you advance. After you take the assessment test, you’ll be directed to the level that matches your needs. There, you’ll find a wide variety of free content, from vocabulary lists to customizable flashcards.
On DutchPod101.com, you’ll find many other free tools that can be tailored to your needs. Some of these resources can even be downloaded and used offline.
3. Premium Personal Coaching
So DutchPod101 offers great content to practice your reading, writing, and listening skills, but how about those important speaking skills? To practice your Dutch speaking, you can rely on premium personal coaching with our MyTeacher service. Improve your pronunciation with feedback from your own private tutor!
And your tutor will focus on much more than your speaking skills. They’ll also guide you through the wonders of the Dutch language with interactive assignments and personalized exercises. Together, you’ll focus on the areas you need the most help with and improve your overall language skills.
5. Summing it Up…
So, is the Dutch language hard or easy?
We’ve shown you the most challenging aspects of the Dutch language, and why it might be easier than you think, from similarities with English to patient Dutchies. Learning a language is always a challenge, but we think you’ll agree that Dutch’s lighter side will make the learning process fairly simple for you.
Do you feel ready to start learning Dutch? Or do you need some more guidance?
Another important aspect of mastering a language is having the right learning tools. Make sure to explore DutchPod101.com, as we have plenty of free resources to help you practice your grammar and many useful vocabulary lists with audio recordings to learn new words.
Remember that you can also use our premium MyTeacher service for personal one-on-one coaching. This way, you can really practice your Dutch speaking skills with your own private teacher through interactive exercises and personalized feedback.
Are you afraid to make mistakes in Dutch? In your studies, you’re bound to make a few. And that’s no big deal!
Making mistakes is human, and even Dutch natives make some of the mistakes we’ll cover in this article. It’s through expressing yourself and making mistakes that you’ll really master the language. So making mistakes in the first place is no problem, but always try to learn from them!
That said, wouldn’t it be nice to be aware of some of the most common mistakes in learning Dutch?
This is exactly what DutchPod101 has in mind for you with this guide. Have a look at the ten most common Dutch mistakes and impress your new Dutch friends with your great language skills.
Dutch pronunciation is tricky, even for fluent Dutch-speakers. Dutch is known for its weird sounds and long words with the strangest combinations of letters.
So, let’s have a look at two common pronunciation mistakes for Dutch-learners.
1. Pronouncing diphthongs incorrectly
Do you remember those tricky diphthongs? A diphthong is the combination of two vowels that, together, make a particular sound—a sound that no vowel in Dutch makes on its own.
A common mistake Dutch-learners make is to pronounce the letters separately, rather than as one fluid sound.
So let’s recap and master, once and for all, the challenging sounds of the nine Dutch diphthongs:
Letter
(English) Pronunciation
Example
ai
Pronounced as [I], as in “I am” in English
mais (“corn”)
au
Pronounced like [ow] in the English word “now”
auto (“car”)
ei
Pronounced as the [i] in the English word “find”
ei (“egg”)
eu
This sound doesn’t exist in English, but you may know it from the French word “beurre.”
leuk (“fun”)
ie
Pronounced like [ee] in the English word “bee”
mier (“ant”)
ij
Pronounced exactly the same as the Dutch ei diphthong
wijn (“wine”)
oe
Pronounced like [oo] in the English word “pool”
moe (“tired”)
ou
This diphthong has exactly the same sound as the Dutch au diphthong.
koud (“cold”)
ui
This sound doesn’t exist in English, but it’s a combination of the [a] sound in “man” followed by a long Dutch u.
muis (“mouse”)
2. Pronouncing sch as sk
As you’ve probably noticed, Dutch is a language with a lot of g-sounds, more than you’re probably used to in your own language. And those g-sounds may surprise you, as they even occur in the ch and sch consonant combinations. Well, you’re not alone in your struggle. The pronunciation of sch as sk is one of the most common pronunciation mistakes for Dutch-learners (who often make too much of a k-sound).
Let’s have a look at how you should pronounce this:
Letter
(English) Pronunciation
Example
sch
Pronounced like an [s] followed by a harsh [ch], as in the Scottish word “loch.”
You’re learning your Dutch vocabulary and are feeling quite confident. However, confusion is near. It may be because of words with multiple meanings or because of those extremely long Dutch words.
Let’s have a look at two common mistakes in learning Dutch vocabulary.
3. Confusing words with multiple meanings
The Dutch language is full of words with multiple meanings (homonymes), so a common mistake of Dutch-learners is to not learn the different meanings of a Dutch word. Only by mastering the multiple meanings can you use and understand them correctly in a given context.
Okay, let’s now continue with those confusing compound words. The Dutch language is known for its long words, so be aware of this common mistake of Dutch-learners: splitting up the compound words.
All you can do here is be aware of this peculiar characteristic of the Dutch language and keep on improving your Dutch vocabulary.
Here are some examples of compound words consisting of two, three, and even five parts:
“Preparation activities plan for a children’s carnival procession”
→ Are you having difficulties understanding compound words? Try to divide them into smaller parts and see if you can understand the different parts.
3. Word Order Mistakes
Dutch word order can be confusing, possibly because of its similarities to English or because of its weird habit of splitting up verbs.
5. Using the word doe in yes/no questions
Dutch can be quite similar to English, so you’re bound to mix the rules up sometimes. This fifth most common Dutch mistake is to use the Dutch word doe (“to do”) in yes/no questions.
Contrary to English, Dutch doesn’t use the auxiliary “do” in questions. So don’t use it, otherwise your Dutch question word order will be incorrect.
6. Not knowing when to split the verbs in sentences
Dutch word order can be even more confusing when a sentence has many words. Even more so when there are several verbs in the mix, in which case one part of the verb will be at the beginning of the sentence and other parts will be at the end.
How do you know when to split a verb? Be cautious when using the present perfect, past perfect, future simple, future perfect, conditional, and conditional perfect verbs. Here, you may need to add a verb to the end of a sentence.
Let’s have a look at the sentence structure for these tenses:
Subject + Working verb+ Adverb + (Adjective +) Direct object+ (Adjective +)(Indirect object+) Other verb
Let’s give you an example for each of the six aforementioned Dutch tenses:
Present perfect: De jongen heeftin het huisde gele deur met zwarte verf geverfd. “The boy has painted the yellow door in the house with black paint.”
Past perfect: De jongen hadin het huisde gele deur met zwarte verf geverfd. “The boy has painted the yellow door in the house with black paint.”
Future simple: De jongen zalin het huisde gele deur met zwarte verf verven. “The boy will paint the yellow door in the house with black paint.”
Future perfect: De jongen zalin het huisde gele deur met zwarte verf hebben geverfd. “The boy will have painted the yellow door in the house with black paint.”
Conditional: De jongen zouin het huisde gele deur met zwarte verf verven. “The boy would paint the yellow door in the house with black paint.”
Conditional perfect: De jongen zouin het huisde gele deur met zwarte verf hebben geverfd. “The boy would have painted the yellow door in the house with black paint.”
→ Try to think of easy sentences that you can use like this. This way, you can improve your own Dutch sentence structures and learn how to avoid this common mistake of Dutch-learners.
Grammar is a challenge in every language, and Dutch is no exception. Let’s learn from our mistakes!
7. Mixing up the dt ending
Although the Dutch present tense might look easy, be aware of one of the most common Dutch grammar mistakes: mixing up the dt ending.
So when should you use the dt ending? It has to be used with certain subjects when the verb used has a -d root ending.
Let’s take this mistake in Dutch grammar step-by-step:
How do you get the infinitive in Dutch? Well, Dutch infinitives are the plural and present tense verbs. They usually end with -en, as in lopen(“to walk”). Sometimes, they end with only -n, as in zijn(“to be”).
Before the Dutch infinitive, you can almost always put Ik kan (“I can”):
Ik kan fietsen. “I can cycle.”
Or:
Ik kan antwoorden. “I can answer.”
So how do you get the root of your verb? You simply remove the -en ending. So in this case, fiets is the root of fietsen and antwoord of antwoorden.
Subject
Fietsen present tense (“to cycle”)
Antwoorden present tense (“to reply”)
Ik (“I”)
fiets
antwoord
Jij, u(“You”)
fietst
antwoordt
Hij, zij, het (“He, she, it”)
fietst
antwoordt
Wij (“We”)
fietsen
antwoorden
Zij (“They”)
fietsen
antwoorden
As you can see, in the verb antwoorden, because the root ends with a -d, it becomes -dt for the “you” and “he, she, it” subjects. So when in doubt, look at the conjugation of a verb that doesn’t end with a -d (such as fietsen), and you’ll know what to do.
8. Making words plural with an -s instead of -en
English and Dutch have many similarities. Just like English, Dutch makes words plural by changing that word’s ending. However, avoid the common mistake in Dutch of making plural words with an -s instead of -en.
There are some cases where we can add an -s, but most of the time, we add -en.
Singular
Plural
Kat (“Cat”)
Katten (“Cats”)
Kus (“Kiss”)
Kussen (“Kisses”)
Stoel (“Chair”)
Stoelen (“Chairs”)
Bord (“Plate”)
Borden (“Plates”)
Banaan (“Banana”)
Bananen (“Bananas”)
5. A Special Dutch Mistake
Every culture has its own peculiarities. So what’s a Dutch-learning mistake that’s closely connected to Dutch culture?
9. Switching to English every time you struggle speaking Dutch
This may not be a grammar or vocabulary blunder, but it’s a common mistake in learning Dutch.
Many Dutch people speak English very well, so it might be tempting to switch from Dutch to English every time you start to struggle. Try not to do that too much, as you’ll only master Dutch if you really practice the language.
This impulse to switch to English may not even come from you, as the Dutch are always happy to speak English. When they see you struggle, or even notice the littlest hint of an accent, they’ll try to “help” you by suggesting you switch to English. So it can definitely be called a typical cultural challenge that Dutch-learners face.
Instead of switching, just try to explain that you’re practicing their beautiful language. They’ll be patient, and maybe even flattered that you’re trying to speak their language (as a lot of foreigners don’t even bother).
6. The Biggest Mistake in Dutch Language-Learning
Last, but definitely not least, try to avoid the biggest mistake: mixing up de and het.
10. “The” in Dutch: het vs. de
Mixing up articles: this is seen as the most common and most typical mistake of Dutch-learners.
In Dutch, there are two options for “the”: de and het.It’s very common to hear Dutch-learners mix them up, and for a good reason: the Dutch language lacks a clear explanation of which one to use in what situations. In theory, all masculine and feminine words get de,while all neuter words get het:
De vrouw (“The woman”)
De man (“The man”)
Het kind (“The child” – is neuter)
However, in practice, this won’t help you that much as there’s not always a good explanation as to why a word is feminine, masculine, or neuter. Dutch words don’t have a clear gender indication.
Luckily, there are a few indications that can help you:
All words referring to people are de-words (de voetballer [“the football player”] / de president [“the president”]).
All plural words get de (de katten [“the cats”] / de stoelen [“the chairs”]).
All words made smaller with (e)(t/d)je are neuter (het kindje [“the little child”] / het bloemetje [“the little flower”]).
Words ending with -el or -er are often de-words (de tafel [“the table”] / de bakker [“the baker”]).
All infinitive verbs that are used as a noun have the neuter het (het fietsen [“the cycling”] / het schrijven [“the writing”]).
Words with standard prefixes like ge-, ver-, ont-, and be-, and without an -ing ending, are neuter (het verhaal [“the story”] / het ontslag [“the resignation”]).
Almost all words with the standard suffixes -ing, -ij, -ie, -e,and -heid are feminine (de politie [“the police”] / de schoonheid [“the beauty”] / de drukkerij [“the printing company”] /, de dame [“the lady”]).
Practice is key. When in doubt, look up the word in the dictionary (it will say [m], [v], or [o] behind the word). This way, you’ll learn the combinations, and with time, you’ll develop the instinct of when to use de and when to use het.
In the meantime, remember that it’s okay to make mistakes in Dutch, because it means that you’re learning.
In this guide, you’ve learned all about the ten most common mistakes in Dutch. You know what to do and what not to do. We’ve made you aware of the most common mistakes and gave you some hints on how to avoid them.
Yes, you’re bound to make mistakes in Dutch, but this guide has given you some tools to recognize them. From the common pronunciation mistakes for Dutch-learners, vocabulary word mistakes, and word order mistakes, to the “biggest mistake of all.”
So are you already feeling more confident about your Dutch? Which one of the mistakes do you make the most and how can you avoid it in the future?
Start avoiding these mistakes today with the help of DutchPod101.com. Boost your studies with our useful vocabulary lists with audio recordings and other free resources.
Would you like some personal one-on-one coaching? Check out our premium MyTeacher service. We’ll connect you with a private teacher who will help you improve your Dutch through interactive exercises and personalized feedback.
Practice Dutch and learn from your mistakes with DutchPod101!
Are you in the Netherlands, wanting to get to know some nice Dutch people, but you don’t know how? Making friends and getting to know people can be hard, especially when you’re in another country. Luckily, there’s an easy way to break the ice: asking questions in Dutch. This is a great way to start conversations—and keep them going.
Through asking questions, you’ll get to know your conversation partner, get personal, and maybe even become friends. And you’ll be able to practice your Dutch listening and speaking skills at the same time!
In this guide, you’ll learn everything about asking questions in Dutch, from the Dutch question words to making yes/no questions. We’ll also introduce you to the ten most common Dutch questions and the different answers you can give. By the end of this article, you’ll not only know how to make questions in Dutch, but also how to answer them!
Before we go to our list of the ten most common Dutch questions, there are some basics you need to understand concerning how to make those questions in Dutch.
A- Questions Beginning with Dutch Question Words
How? What? Why? Where? Who? When?
You know the English ones, so let’s learn more about question words in Dutch!
There’s a special Dutch question structure for questions that use interrogative words at the beginning. The question word comes first, the conjugated verb second, and the subject third:
Question word+ Verb + Subject
Let’s have a look at two simple examples:
Waarom lachje? (“Why do you laugh?”)
Wanneer trouwtje zoon? (“When does your son get married?”)
Now have a look at more Dutch question words:
Hoe (“How”)
Hoe voel je je? (“How are you feeling?”)
Wat (“What”)
Wat doe je morgen? (“What are you doing tomorrow?”)
Waarom (“Why”)
Waarom is je vriendin boos? (“Why is your girlfriend mad?”)
Waar (“Where”)
Waar ligt Den Bosch? (“Where is Den Bosch?”)
Wie (“Who”)
Wie ben jij?(“Who are you?”)
Wanneer (“When”)
Wanneer is zijn verjaardag? (“When is his birthday?”)
B- Yes/No Questions
Another common question form Dutch people use is the yes/no question; as you know, these are questions that can be answered with a “yes” or a “no.” Questions like this have a different word order, with the verb coming first:
Verb + Subject
For example:
Komje? (“Are you coming?”)
Werkt hij? (“Does he work?”)
As you can see here, the subject and verb are inverted to create yes/no questions.
Remember that when jij or je (“you”) follows the verb, the -t at the end of the verb is dropped:
Ga je morgen naar school? (“Are you going to school tomorrow?”)
Instead of: Je gaat morgen naar school. (“You are going to school tomorrow.”)
Heb je vandaag met je oma gepraat? (“Did you talk to your grandmother today?”)
Instead of: Je hebt vandaag met je oma gepraat. (“You talked with your grandmother today.”)
Now that you know the golden rules of forming basic Dutch questions, it’s time to dive into the ten most common questions in Dutch.
1. How are you?
This basic Dutch question is the most common way to start talking to someone, whether you’ve met before or not.
However, be aware that in the Netherlands, this question isn’t just a formality. In some cultures (such as Spanish or French), someone can ask this question without really expecting a comprehensive answer. This is not so much the case in the Netherlands. When the Dutch ask this question, they’re usually interested in the answer. Of course, your answer may be more or less detailed depending on how well you know the other person.
How are you?
Hoe gaat het met je? [Casual]
Hoe gaat het met u? [Formal]
Another informal way to ask this question is: Alles goed? (“Everything fine?”)
Possible answers for this question include:
► Het gaat goed met me. (“I am doing great.”) ► Ik voel me niet goed. (“I am not feeling well.”)
► Het gaat wel. (“I am fine.”)
► Ik heb het erg druk. (“I am very busy.”)
As you can see, we used the question word hoe (“how”), followed by the conjugated verb.
As you go through the rest of this article, ask yourself which structure each question uses: the one with a question word at the beginning or the yes/no structure.
2. What are you doing?
If you know someone well and want to know what they’re up to, this question is perfect.
However, it’s not the way to go when talking with strangers, as this random Dutch question can seem quite invasive (especially with the sometimes distant Dutch people).
What are you doing?
Wat doe je? [Casual]
Wat doet u? [Formal]
Let’s see some possible answers:
► Ik lees. (“I am reading.”)
► Ik kijk een film. (“I am watching a movie.”)
► Ik ben aan het studeren. (“I am studying.”)
► Ik ben aan het koken. (“I am cooking.”)
In the ik ben aan het + verb structure, you can replace the verb (studeren or koken) with the verb that’s applicable to your situation.
→ Would you like to learn some more verbs? Have a look at these 50 most common verbs.
3. What’s your name?
Are you meeting someone new in the Netherlands? Then it’s crucial to be able to ask for their name. This is also a great ice-breaker, as it shows your interest in that person. And once the conversation’s been started, there will be plenty more questions to come!
What’s your name?
Wat is je naam? [Casual]
Wat is uw naam? [Formal]
Another way to ask this question in Dutch is:
Hoe heet je? [Casual]
Hoe heet u? [Formal]
Let’s now have a look at the answers:
► Ik heet Sophie. (“My name is Sophie.”)
► Mijn naam is Sophie. (“My name is Sophie.”)
► Ik ben Sophie. (“I am Sophie.”)
4. Where are you from?
As a foreigner in the Netherlands, you’ll often hear this question. By learning how to ask this question in Dutch, you’ll have the perfect way to stimulate a conversation. While you can ask this to a foreigner, asking this to a Dutch person may help them open up about their hometown or the region they’re from.
Where are you from?
Waar kom je vandaan? [Casual]
Waar komt u vandaan? [Formal]
Let’s have a look at some possible answers:
Foreign answers ► Ik ben Duits. (“I’m German.”)
► Ik kom uit Frankrijk. (“I’m from France.”)
Local answers ► Ik kom uit Amsterdam. (“I’m from Amsterdam.”)
► Ik ben een Rotterdammer. (“I’m a Rotterdammer.” – a person from Rotterdam)
► Ik kom uit Brabant. (“I’m from Brabant.”)
Has your interlocutor given you the name of a place you’re not familiar with? Then you can ask this:
Where is it?
Waar is dat?
Waar ligt dat?
► In het Zuiden van Nederland. (“In the south of the Netherlands.”)
► Vlakbij Den Haag. (“Close to The Hague.”)
► Het is een stad in Noord-Italië. (“It is a city in northern Italy.”)
It’s nice to know where someone is from, but it may be more useful to know where someone is living. Let’s have a look at this common Dutch question:
Where do you live?
Waar woon je? [Casual]
Waar woont u? [Formal]
► Ik woon in Breda. (“I live in Breda.”)
► Ik woon in de provincie Groningen. (“I live in the province of Groningen.”)
→ Do you live in the Netherlands, but still struggle with the pronunciation of city names? Then have a look at our major Dutch cities list with audio recordings.
6. Have you been to [place]?
You’ve just told someone where you’re from or where you live. Let’s keep that conversation going and ask if they’ve ever been to that place. This way, you’ll show your interest and get to know more about someone’s (traveling) past.
Have you been to [place]?
Bent u in [place] geweest? [Casual]
Ben je in [place] geweest? [Formal]
→ As you can see, this is a yes/no question that starts with the verb, followed by the subject.
Other ways to ask this question are:
Ben je ooit in Brussel geweest? (“Have you ever been to Brussel?”)
Heb je door Zuid-Amerika gereisd? (“Have you traveled through South America?”)
Possible answers include:
► Ja, ik ken [place] erg goed. (“Yes, I know [place] very well.”)
► Ja, ik ben er vorig jaar nog geweest. (“Yes, I went there last year.”)
► Ik ben er heel lang geleden geweest. (“I was there a long time ago.”)
► Nee, ik ben daar nog nooit geweest. (“No, I’ve never been there.”)
7. Do you speak Dutch?
The language question: another crucial Dutch question for any foreigner in the Netherlands. You’ll receive this question a lot yourself, but learning this structure will be useful for you too. You never know when you’ll need to communicate in your native language or a different common language.
Do you speak Dutch?
Spreek je Nederlands? (“Do you speak Dutch?”) – Casual
Spreekt u Nederlands? (“Do you speak Dutch?”) – Formal
Spreek je Engels? (“Do you speak English?”) – Casual
Spreekt u Engels? (“Do you speak English?”) – Formal
Let’s have a look at some possible answers:
► Ik spreek een beetje Nederland. (“I speak a little Dutch.”)
► Ik spreek vloeiend Engels. (“I speak English fluently.”)
► Min of meer. (“So-so.”)
8. What do you do?
You know how your new acquaintance is doing, you know their name, and you know where they’re from and where they live. You even know the languages they speak. What’s left to ask? A logical followup question is to ask about someone’s work or study.
What do you do?
Wat doe je? [Casual]
Wat doet u? [Formal]
If you’re in a bar and you just say Wat doe je? the other person could be caught off guard by this random Dutch question, and answer “I am drinking a beer, why?” So when you ask this question out of nowhere, it may be better to be a bit more specific:
Wat voor werk doe je? (“What kind of work do you do?”)
Wat is jouw baan? (“What’s your job?”)
Waar werk je? (“Where do you work?”)
Wat voor een studie doe je? (“What kind of study do you do?”)
Wat studeer je? (“What do you study?”)
Waar studeer je? (“Where do you study?”)
→ The questions from this point on are in the casual, more common Jij/Je form, but you could make them more formal by using Uor Uw.
► Ik ben politieagent. (“I’m a police officer.”)
► Ik werk in IT. (“I work in IT.”)
► Ik werk in een kledingwinkel. (“I work in a clothing store.”)
► Ik studeer anthropologie. (“I study anthropology.”)
► Ik studeer aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam. (“I study at the University of Amsterdam.”)
→ Not sure how to talk about your job in Dutch? Have a look at our free vocabulary list on Jobs.
9. What are your hobbies?
For the Dutch, their work is important. But many believe that their hobbies and interests define them more than their work. So a great way to show your interest in the other person and find common ground is to ask them about their hobbies.
What are your hobbies?
Wat zijn je hobby’s?
Wat doe je graag in je vrije tijd? (“What do you do in your free time?”)
►Ik ga graag naar de bioscoop. (“I like going to the cinema.”)
► Ik hou van wandelen. (“I love hiking.”)
► Ik maak foto’s. (“I take pictures.”)
→ Find your favorite hobbies in our free vocabulary list with audio recordings to practice your pronunciation.
10. Do you like ___?
Let’s get personal and find out what our Dutch acquaintance here likes or dislikes. There’s no better way to get to know someone!
The Dutch are quite direct, and you can usually say whatever you’re thinking. However, try to stay respectful toward your host country. The Dutch don’t mind a bit of criticism, but don’t be too negative or you might hurt their feelings.
Do you like ___?
Houd je van winkelen? (“Do you like to shop?”)
Literally, it says “to love,” but in this instance, it’s more similar to the English “to like.”
Houd je van de Nederlandse keuken? (“Do you like Dutch cuisine?”)
Houd je van bier? (“Do you like beer?”)
And possible answers:
► Ja, ik houd ervan! (“Yes, I love it!”)
► Nee, ik vind het niet echt leuk. (“No, I don’t really like it.”)
► Nee, ik haat het. (“No, I hate it.”)
► Het ligt eraan. (“It depends.”)
This answer is vague enough to keep yourself out of trouble!
Some other ways to ask this question:
Vind je Nederland leuk? (“Do you like the Netherlands?”)
Vind je je werk leuk? (“Do you like your work?”)
Heb je het naar je zin in Amsterdam? (“Do you enjoy Amsterdam?”)
► Ja, ik houd van Amsterdam. (“Yes, I love Amsterdam.”)
► Ja, maar het is wel erg druk. (“Yes, but it’s quite busy.”)
► Het gaat wel. (“It’s fine.”)
► Nee, ik vind het niet leuk. (“No, I do not like it.”)
3. How DutchPod101 Can Help You Learn More Dutch
In this guide, you’ve learned how to make questions in Dutch, with plenty of example answers to keep that conversation going. You now have the tools to make conversation with your soon-to-be new Dutch friends.
So are you ready to put this useful knowledge into action? Do you feel ready to start asking basic Dutch questions using everything you’ve learned today?
You can start using and practicing these questions with the help of DutchPod101. Boost your studies with our useful vocabulary lists with audio recordings and other free resources.
Would you like to practice with your own private teacher? Then make use of our premium MyTeacher service and get personal one-on-one coaching. Through interactive exercises, pronunciation advice, and personalized feedback, you’ll really master those Dutch questions!
Start asking questions in Dutch (and getting answers) with DutchPod101!
Would you like to take an official Dutch language proficiency test? If that’s the case, wouldn’t you love to receive some handy tips and tricks to make sure you pass? If so, this guide will definitely come in handy.
In the Netherlands, there are two official language proficiency tests: the NT2 Dutch as a Second Language State Exam (Staatsexamen NT2) and the Certificate Dutch as a Foreign Language (Certificaat Nederlands als Vreemde Taal, CNaVT). In this guide, we’ll only focus on the NT2 Dutch State Exam, as it’s the most common one they ask for when you’re looking for a job or applying for a university or school in the Netherlands.
We’ll go over everything you need to know about the NT2 Dutch language proficiency exam: what it is, how to sign up, and why you should care. We’ll also give you some insight into the different language levels and how they relate to the NT2 Dutch exam.
Finally, we’ll dive into the structure and content of all four sections of the exam, and provide you with some tips on how to practice for and master this most important Dutch test.
1. What is the NT2 Dutch as a Second Language State Exam?
The NT2 Dutch as a Second Language State Exam is the national Dutch proficiency exam for non-native adult speakers who want to work or study in the Netherlands.The diploma received after passing this test is officially recognized by the Dutch government.You can find more details about the exam right here.
1- Why Take the Exam?
There are many possible reasons why you’d want to pass the NT2 Dutch exam:
To study at a Dutch school or university
To find a job in the Netherlands
To apply for a Dutch residence permit
To request a Dutch citizenship
→ The Diploma of the NT2 Dutch State Exam meets the Dutch language requirements for integration: Inburgering (“Integration”) and Naturalisatie (“Naturalization”).
You can only take this Dutch language exam in the Netherlands.
→ Would you like to do a test just “for fun” or to discover your level? In that case, the NT2 Dutch State Exam might be too much trouble, and it would be better to take a different Dutch test.
2- What Does the Exam Look Like?
The exam has four sections:
1. Lezen (“Reading”)
2. Schrijven (“Writing”)
3. Spreken (“Speaking”)
4. Luisteren (“Listening”)
The tests are all computer-based. To obtain the diploma, you need to pass all four sections.
→ What happens if you fail one of the sections? It’s possible to re-do any of the four parts, but you won’t be able to apply for your diploma until you receive all four certificates.
3- NT2 Exam Registration
You can register for the exams via the DUO departmental website. The examinations are held several times a year at seven different locations in the Netherlands:
Amsterdam
Eindhoven
Amersfoort (only on predetermined Saturdays)
Oisterwijk
Rotterdam
Rijswijk
Zwolle
To be able to participate, you’ll need to have a valid ID.
How much does it cost? The NT2 Dutch exam costs €45,00 per language skill. So for all four sections, it will cost you a total of €180,00.
2. A Test for Two Levels
1- The different levels of the NT2 Dutch State Exam
There are two NT2 exam levels that you can choose to take:
The NT2 program I – This exam is meant for people who want to work or study on a vocational education level (MBO). This is considered a Dutch B1 exam according to CEFR.
The NT2 program II – This exam is intended for people who want to study or work on a hogeschool (“higher education,” HBO) or university level (WO). The language level of this program is B2 (CEFR).
2- Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)
Before you can choose the best test for your level, you need to be familiar with the CEFR system (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages). This classification shows your proficiency level in a foreign language on a six-point scale, from A1 for beginners to C2 for those who have mastered a language.
Level
Description
You can:
A1
Beginner
Understand and use everyday expressions as well as simple statements about practical needs.
Introduce yourself and others.
Ask and answer questions about personal matters.
Use the present tense and the right word order in simple affirmative sentences and questions.
Have basic conversations if the other person is talking slowly and articulates clearly.
A2
Lower-Intermediate
Understand and communicate isolated sentences and common expressions or tasks about familiar daily situations (personal information, family, shop, or work interactions)
Describe your current environment and express immediate needs.
Correctly use present and past tenses.
Build correct sentences and use the subordinate clause.
Understand and use standard pronunciation.
B1
Level of the NT2 program I
Intermediate
Understand and communicate in common everyday situations, such as work, school, or hobbies.
Handle most daily interactions when traveling in the Netherlands or through Flanders.
Write simple Dutch texts about familiar topics or subjects you are interested in.
Talk about events, experiences, dreams, expectations, and desires. You’re also able to express your opinions, reasons, and plans.
B2
Level of the NT2 program II
Upper-Intermediate
Understand the general ideas of complex texts (both concrete and abstract), including technical discussions in your field of specialization.
Talk Dutch spontaneously and quite easily with a native speaker.
Write clear and detailed texts in Dutch about various topics.
Express and explain your views, giving the advantages, disadvantages, and alternatives of various options.
C1
Advanced
Understand long texts and their implicit meaning, humor, and wit.
Speak spontaneously and fluently without searching for your words too much.
Use the language flexibly and efficiently at home, work, or school.
Express your opinion on complex topics in a clear and structured manner.
Write clear, well-structured, and detailed texts about complex subjects.
C2
Proficient
Effortlessly understand anything you read or hear.
Summarize verbal or written information, such as facts and arguments.
Speak very fluently, argue coherently, and reconstruct explanations.
Express yourself spontaneously, precisely, and subtly, even about more-complex topics.
3. How to Succeed on the NT2 Dutch State Exam
1- The Writing Test
Duration: 100 minutes
A- The Test
The Dutch writing exam (Program I and Program II) consists of completing sentences, as well as writing both short and medium texts. You can decide what order you want to do the assignments in.
Write sentences – You must complete sentences or finish them.
Write short text – This could be a note, a short letter, or a short description of a situation.
Write medium text – This could be a description of a problem and a proposal for a solution. You may receive a table, graph, or images that you must use.
Most assignments are about work or education. A number of assignments are about daily life topics.
Program I
Program II
Write 10 sentences
Write 7-8 sentences
Complete 2 short texts
Write 1-2 short texts
Write 2 short texts
Write 1-2 medium texts
B- Tips on How to Practice for the Test
► Improve your grammar and vocabulary, and get familiar with the most common structures of Dutch texts by reading a lot. This way, you’ll get used to different Dutch writing styles, learn useful vocabulary, and discover connecting phrases.
► Write, write, and write even more. For the best results, try to get personal feedback from a native Dutch speaker. For example, this can be your own private DutchPod101 teacher, through our MyTeacher services.
► Take an old NT2 Dutch test and practice writing texts within a short period of time. Or study NT2 Dutch test reviews.
C- Tips on How to Take the Test
► First, read the Dutch test instructions very carefully to understand them fully.
► Remember that you’ll probably not be asked for your opinion, and will sometimes be asked to take a stand following some specific guidelines. Follow these guidelines and write accordingly.
► Adapt your text for the target audience. The style, writing, and structure must match the type of text that you’re writing.
► Make a quick outline of your text before you begin writing. This way, you can write a better-organized text.
► Re-read your text several times, focusing on grammar, conjugation, and punctuation.
► Use a dictionary, it’s allowed! You may use a maximum of three dictionaries during the writing exam (except for the Van Dale Synonyms dictionary, the Van Dale Proverb dictionary, a digital dictionary, or a digital spell checker). Your dictionaries should not contain any notes.
2- The Speaking Test
Duration: around 25 minutes
A- The Test
For this Dutch speaking exam, you’ll wear headphones and speak through your microphone to the computer. You’ll read the commands and answers on the computer screen. The Program I exam consists of two parts; The Program II exam consists of three parts. There are both short and long speaking assignments:
Short speaking assignment – You’ll receive questions, to which you’ll give a short answer. You’ll have twenty seconds to speak per assignment.
Medium-length speaking assignment – You’ll receive questions, to which you’ll have to give a longer answer (a few sentences or more). You’ll have thirty seconds to speak per assignment.
Long speaking assignment – You’ll speak for two minutes on a specific topic, and will receive preparation time for this.
Program I
Program II
Part 1
8 short speaking assignments
4 short speaking assignments
Part 2
8 medium speaking assignments
8 medium speaking assignments
Part 3
–
1 long speaking assignment
→ You can’t use a dictionary for the speaking test!
B- Tips on How to Practice for the Test
► Take some old NT2 tests and practice the short, medium, and (if you plan on taking the Program II) long speaking assignments. This is the best way to get familiar with the “real” test conditions.
► Practice your speaking skills with Dutch natives as often as you can. Practice with your Dutch friends or colleagues. Don’t have any yet? Talking to strangers also helps a lot; it gets you out of your comfort zone and exposes you to different ways of speaking.
► Don’t have any natives around to talk with? Try to practice with other Dutch learners, or even alone. If practicing alone, record yourself and try to correct your own mistakes.
► Use MyTeacher and send your recordings to your private teacher. He or she will give you some great feedback on your grammar and pronunciation!
C- Tips on How to Do the Test
► Read the Dutch test instructions carefully, as many times as necessary to understand them perfectly.
► Try to use examples to illustrate your ideas or opinions. You can use examples from your own experiences, current events, or texts that you’ve read.
► Try to articulate your thoughts clearly, and don’t scatter your ideas too much.
3- The Reading Test
Duration: 110 minutes in Program I and 100 minutes in Program II
A- The Test
For the Dutch reading exam, you’ll receive a booklet containing texts. The questions and answer options are on the computer. For the seven texts, you must answer 35-38 multiple-choice questions.
There are different types of assignments:
There are assignments where you have to choose the subject of the text, the source, or the audience.
There are assignments where you have to choose the meaning of a text, the relationship between two pieces of text, or the conclusion of the text.
There are questions where you need to look something up in the text.
B- Tips on How to Practice for the Test
► Practice by reading a wide variety of materials, from newspaper articles, books, and essays to short stories.
► Practice the reading test from a past NT2 Dutch test. This way, you’ll get a good idea of what to expect in terms of length and difficulty. You can also have a look at NT2 Dutch test reviews.
► Read the text carefully before you read the questions. This way, you won’t be biased and you’ll be able to better understand the text.
► Then, read the Dutch test instructions and questions attentively and make sure you understand them perfectly. After that, you can read the text one more time in this new light.
► Stay alert and prepare yourself for word play and traps.
► You can use up to three dictionaries for the reading test, as long as they are free of any notes. You can’t use the Van Dale Synonyms dictionary, the Van Dale Proverb dictionary, a digital dictionary, or a digital spell checker.
4- The Listening Test
Duration: 90 minutes
A- The Test
The Dutch listening exam consists of about 40 different assignments. There are five or more audio texts and 1-3 videos, each with questions. All questions are multiple-choice.
You’ll hear speakers talk about daily life situations, in addition to recordings of “normal life conversations.” These will feature different voices, repetitions, accents, and noises in the background.
For each question, you get twenty-five seconds to read the question and the three possible answers.
You can’t use a dictionary for the listening test.
► Practice an NT2 test with listening assignments; this way, you’ll know what to expect. You can find old NT2 Dutch State Exams on the official website, where you can also have a look at their recommended study materials.
C- Tips on How to Do the Test
► Read the test instructions attentively.
► Make the best of the short time you’re given to read the questions.
► Stay alert and don’t jump to conclusions too fast—appearances may be deceiving. Don’t choose your answer until you’ve heard the entire text.
4. How DutchPod101 Can Help You Learn More Dutch
In this guide, you’ve learned everything you need to know about the NT2 Dutch State Exam. We’ve shown you some useful information on the structure and the different levels of the test. You’ve also received some useful tips on the writing, speaking, reading, and listening sections of this Dutch language proficiency test.
Do you feel ready to start practicing for the NT2 Dutch Exam? A good exercise is to practice an official NT2 test, from the beginning to the end. It will take some time, but it’s the only way to learn what to expect.
Would you like to practice your Dutch? DutchPod101.com has many free resources, such as vocabulary lists with audio recordings which are great for practicing your listening and speaking skills.
Or do you prefer some private teaching? DutchPod101 also offers personal one-on-one coaching with our premium MyTeacher service. Through interactive exercises, personalized feedback, and useful tips, you can really master this Dutch language proficiency test!
Learning a new language can be tricky; there’s so much to learn. Where should you start? And what should you focus on?
You may already be learning grammar rules, memorizing conjugation tables, and studying vocabulary lists. However, to really learn Dutch, it’s important that you speak it as early as you can. That’s the only way you’ll really improve your Dutch language skills.
Are you still hesitant to speak Dutch? Then try to learn some useful and easy Dutch sentence patterns. This will allow you to form hundreds of natural sentences that you can use in many daily situations. You’ll be able to communicate your thoughts, doubts, or opinions to your Dutch friends or colleagues with ease and confidence. Sure, it won’t enable you to express the most complicated lines of thought, but it will cover a wide range of typical day-to-day interactions. Moreover, it will give you the confidence boost you need to start speaking Dutch.
In this article, you’ll learn ten easy Dutch sentence patterns, covering situations from giving a description to expressing your desires. For each of these Dutch-to-English sentence patterns, we’ll include many examples. This way you’ll really have the tools to master the Dutch sentence structure and sentence patterns.
We’ll start with an easy Dutch sentence pattern that will allow you to link two nouns: the “A is B” pattern.
This can also be called the [A] [B] [C] pattern: A (noun/subject) + B (verb) + C (noun/object).
A noun (subject) is linked by a verb to a noun (object), giving substance to a sentence. The way to do this is to use the verb zijn (“to be”). You can find details about its conjugation right here.
Let’s have a look at some examples:
Jan is mijn vriend. (“Jan is my friend.”)
Charlotte was mijn baas. (“Charlotte was my boss.”)
Mijn broer is politieagent. (“My brother is a police officer.”)
Dit horloge is een cadeau van mijn vrouw geweest. (“This watch was a gift from my wife.”)
Nederland is het land van mijn dromen. (“The Netherlands is the country of my dreams.”)
→ Would you like to learn some more nouns? Have a look at these 50 Most Common Nouns.
2. Using Adjectives to Describe Something
Okay, let’s continue with another basic Dutch sentence structure, similar to the one above. This sentence pattern has the same kind of structure (A is B). However, the verb zijn (“to be”) here doesn’t connect two nouns; instead, it connects a noun and an adjective.
So the pattern is: A (noun/subject) is B (adjective).
Let’s look at some examples:
Marlies is mooi. (“Marlies is beautiful.”)
Kai is heel jong. (“Kai is very young.”)
Deze baan was erg belangrijk voor mij. (“This job was very important to me.”)
Hij zou nu erg oud zijn geweest. (“He would have been very old now.”)
De film die we gisteravond hebben bekeken was eng.(“The movie we watched last night was scary.”)
Let’s take it one step further with this more complex (but still easy) Dutch sentence pattern: A is [adjective] than B.
Use this sentence pattern to make a comparison.
Let’s have a look at the different parts of this sentence pattern, that again is connected by the verb zijn (“to be”): A (noun/subject) + zijn (“to be”) + B (adjective in comparative form) + dan (“than”) + C (noun).
Let’s now see some examples of how to form Dutch sentences like this with the verb zijn:
Ik ben mooier dan mijn zus. (“I am more beautiful than my sister.”)
Mijn man was slimmer dan ik. (“My husband was smarter than me.”)
Hij is grappiger dan mijn vader. (“He’s funnier than my dad.”)
Nederland is leuker dan België. (“The Netherlands is nicer than Belgium.”)
De vorige minister-president was beter dan de huidige. (“The previous prime minister was better than the current one.”)
However, you can also make comparisons with other verbs. For example:
Mijn kat rent harder dan mijn hond. (“My cat runs faster than my dog.”)
Hij loopt beter dan ik. (“He walks better than me.”)
Deze achtbaan ging sneller dan de vorige. (“This roller coaster went faster than the last one.”)
In Amsterdam praten ze duidelijker dan in Limburg. (“In Amsterdam, they talk more clearly than in Limburg.”)
4. Expressing Your Desires
Now let’s go another way and see a different kind of Dutch sentence structure.
Wouldn’t it be nice if you could express your desires in Dutch? To be able to say things like “I want to go to the bathroom” or “I want a sandwich with gouda cheese.” Crucial stuff to know in the Netherlands.
For this Dutch sentence pattern, we use the verb willen (“to want”), and it works quite similarly to how it does in English. It uses the indicative mood for something you WANT and the subjunctive mood for something you WOULD LIKE:
Ik wil (“I want”)
Ik zou willen (“I would like”)
This sentence structure follows the pattern:
A [object] + willen + B (noun)
or
A [object] + willen + B (noun) + C (verb)
For example:
Ik wil koffie. (“I want coffee.”)
Ik wil je zien. (“I want to see you”.)
Mijn broer wil Nederland bezoeken. (“My brother wants to visit the Netherlands.”)
Ik zou van de wc gebruik willen maken. (“I would like to use the toilet.”)
Hij zou graag de hond willen aaien. (“He would like to pet the dog.”)
And let’s not forget “I don’t want,” as the Dutch have no problem at all saying what they don’t want…
Ik wil geen fruit. (“I don’t want fruit.”)
Ik zou niet naar Groningen willen verhuizen. (“I would not want to move to Groningen.”)
→ You can find the full conjugation table for willenright here.
5. Expressing Your Needs
Let’s add some urgency and learn one of the most important Dutch sentence structures: how to express your needs. This is something you’re likely to do daily, on a variety of occasions: at work (Ik heb meer tijd nodig –“I need more time”), at home (Ik moet de vaat nog wassen – “I need to wash the dishes”) or with friends (Ik heb echt een biertje nodig – “I really need a beer”).
As you can see in these examples, there are different ways in Dutch to express your needs:
Moeten (“To have to”)
Ik moet + Infinitive verb
Ik moet plassen. (“I have to pee.”)
Nodig hebben (“To need to”)
Ik heb + Nominal + nodig
Ik heb jou nodig. (“I need you.”)
Here are some more Dutch sentence examples:
Ik heb rust nodig. (“I need to rest.”)
Ik moet met je praten. (“I need to talk to you.”)
Ik heb een nieuwe jas nodig. (“I need a new jacket.”)
We hadden gisteren jouw hulp nodig. (“We needed your help yesterday.”)
Zij moesten vorige week onverwachts naar Duitsland reizen. (“They had to travel to Germany unexpectedly last week.”)
6. Expressing Your Preferences
You’ve expressed your desires and needs, now it’s time to talk about the things that you like or even love…
Just like in English, we have a verb for “to like” (leuk vinden) and a verb for “to love” (houden van). In general, the Dutch are quite careful with their expressions of love; it’s quickly seen as dramatic or overdone to use this word. However, if you really like something or someone, you can use it, of course.
Leuk vinden (“To like [to]”)
Ik vind + Nominal + leuk
Ik vind mijn collega leuk. (“I like my colleague.”)
Ik vind + Infinitive verb + leuk
Ik vind tekenen leuk. (“I like to draw.”)
Houden van (“To love [to]”)
Ik houd van + Nominal or Noun
Ik houd van jou. (“I love you.”)
Ik houd van + Infinitive verb
Ik houd van fietsen. (“I love to bike.”)
Let’s have a look at some examples:
Ik vind deze film leuk. (“I like this movie.”)
Ik vind je leuk. ( “I like you.”)
Mijn vader houdt veel van mijn moeder. (“My father loves my mother a lot.”)
De kinderen hielden vroeger van buiten spelen. (“In the past, the children loved playing outside.”)
Ik vind bier lekker, maar ik houd meer van wijn. (“I like beer, but I prefer wine.” Literally: “I love wine more.”)
7. Giving Orders
Would you like to get bossy in Dutch? Or just be able to express your limits? Then you need this sentence pattern with the Dutch imperative. For this, we use the present tense of the first person singular. However, in the case of regular verbs, the imperative is the verb stem.
This is the sentence pattern: A (imperative verb) + niet (+ B [noun]). In English, this means: Don’t + A (conjugated verb).
Let’s see this Dutch sentence construction in action:
Ga niet weg! (“Don’t go away!”)
Lach niet. (“Don’t laugh.”)
Wees niet onbeleefd. (“Don’t be rude.”)
Vertel me niet wat ik moet doen. (“Don’t tell me what to do.”)
Doe de deur niet dicht. (“Don’t close the door.”)
→ When you’re angry, it’s always good to know how to give negative orders. However, you should also look at these Phrases to Use When You’re Angry.
8. Asking for Information
Let’s now move on to some questions. Especially as a foreigner, it’s so important to be able to ask basic questions; you need to know how to ask for information. So what’s an easy way to do this in Dutch?
Wat + zijn + A (noun)? (“What + to be + A [noun]?”)
As you can see, it’s quite similar to its English counterpart. Let’s see a few examples of this Dutch language sentence structure:
Wat is dat? (“What is this?”)
Wat is jouw naam? (“What is your name?”)
Wat was haar beroep? (“What was her profession?”)
Wat was het gerecht dat we de vorige keer aten? (“What was the dish we ate last time?”)
Wat zou je ideale feest zijn geweest? (“What would have been your ideal party?”)
In the sentences above, note the conjugation of the verb zijn (“to be”).
9. Asking About Time
After the “what” questions, it’s time to look at the “when” questions:
Wanneer + zijn + A (noun)? (“When + to be + A [noun]?”)
This Dutch sentence pattern is also quite similar to the English version. The zijn (“to be”) conjugation is also crucial for this question. Let’s see some examples:
Wanneer is je verjaardag? (“When is your birthday?”)
Wanneer is de vergadering? (“When is the meeting?”)
Wanneer was jouw feest? (“When was your party?”)
Wanneer was je boos op je zus? (“When were you angry with your sister?”)
Wanneer zou jouw trein aankomen? (“When would your train arrive?”)
→ Would you like to learn more about the vocabulary for the days in Dutch? Have a look at this useful vocabulary list on Talking About Days with audio recordings.
10. Asking About Location or Position
Last, but definitely not least, a very useful Dutch sentence pattern is that for asking “where” questions.
These are crucial for when you get lost and need to ask for directions, or when you just want to socialize with someone and ask them where in the Netherlands they’re from:
Waar + zijn + A (noun)? (“Where + to be + A [noun]?”)
This question can also use different conjugations of the verb zijn (“to be”):
Waar is dat? (“Where is that?”)
Waar is de wc? (“Where is the toilet?”)
Waar was ik gebleven? (“Where was I?”)
Waar ben jij geboren? (“Where were you born?”)
Waar ben jij het liefste op jouw verjaardag? (“Where do you prefer to be on your birthday?”)
→ Want to see more Dutch-to-English sentence patterns? Make sure to visit our vocabulary list on the Top 10 Sentence Patterns for Beginners, with useful audio recordings to improve your pronunciation.
11. How DutchPod101.com Can Help You Learn More Dutch
You’ve just learned the top ten Dutch sentence patterns. You can use these patterns to form sentences for just about any situation!
Are you ready to put this knowledge into practice? Do you feel like speaking in Dutch to complete strangers using these Dutch sentence patterns?
Make sure to explore DutchPod101.com, as we have many free resources that will help you form perfect sentences. Have a look at our vocabulary lists with audio recordings; they’re a great way to practice Dutch words and their pronunciation.
Remember that DutchPod101 also offers personal one-on-one coaching with our premium MyTeacher service. This way, you can practice the Dutch sentence structures with your own private teacher, through interactive exercises, personalized feedback, and much more.
Adverbs bring some clarity, fun, and emotion to a language. Could you imagine a language without them? It would surely make everything much more ambiguous and boring. We need adverbs to form phrases, to express our emotions, to give some perspective, and to spice up our conversations.
Luckily, there are plenty of Dutch adverbs to choose from. From adverbs describing time and frequency, to those useful adverbs that help you connect your thoughts. Through these fun adverbs, you’ll be able to explain yourself better and more clearly express your mood, opinions, and feelings.
Are you already intrigued? Then let’s start with a short guide on the use of Dutch adverbs. After this, we’ll continue with a useful Dutch adverbs list with 100 must-know adverbs. Enjoy!
Adverbs give more information about the words they’re connected to. They work together with a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, to change its meaning or to make its meaning more precise. Adverbs can change the tone of the sentence completely or set another mood.
So let’s show you some examples to help you understand the Dutch grammar of adverbs:
Combination of an adverb and a verb:
Ik ga morgen naar school. (“I will go to school tomorrow.”)
Here, the adverb morgen (“tomorrow”) defines the verb gaan (“to go”).
Combination of Dutch adjectives and adverbs:
Ik ben zeer goed in het leren van talen. (“I am very good at learning languages.”)
The Dutch adverb zeer (“very”) influences the word goed, which is an adjective.
→Learn more about the difference between adverbs and adjectives.
Later deze week reis ik naar Nederland. (“Later this week, I travel to the Netherlands.”)
Here, you can see how the adverb later (“later”) and the adverb deze week (“this week”) define each other.
2- Dutch Adverb Order
For the Dutch adverb placement, it’s very common to place the adverb as closely as possible after the verb. For example:
Ik spreek zachtjes. (“I speak softly.”)
However, if you’d like to emphasize the adverb, you can put it at the beginning of the sentence:
Bovendien, heb ik al plannen. (“Moreover, I already have plans.”)
Do you want to use more than one adverb? Then the following Dutch adverb placement is most common:
Time-Manner-Place
So adverbs of time come before adverbs of manner, and adverbs of manner come before adverbs of place.
Now that you’ve learned something about the Dutch grammar of adverbs, let’s start with our Dutch adverbs list and dive into the different adverbs. In the following sections, we’ll be covering adverbs in Dutch related to time, frequency, place, manner, degree, and those special thought connectors.
Gisteren was ik erg moe. “Yesterday, I was very tired.”
2.
Deze week “This week”
Deze week begin ik met mijn nieuwe baan. “This week, I start with my new job.”
3.
Straks “Later”
Ik bel je straks. “I’ll call you later.”
4.
Vandaag “Today”
Mijn zus gaat vandaag trouwen. “My sister gets married today.”
5.
Morgen “Tomorrow”
Ik kan niet werken morgen. “I can’t work tomorrow.”
6.
Dan “Then”
Hij komt dan naar huis. “He then comes home.”
7.
Later “Later”
Later als ik groot ben… “Later, when I grow up…”
8.
Vanavond “Tonight”
Ik heb een date vanavond. “I have a date tonight.”
9.
Nu “Right now”
Kom nu naar huis. “Come home right now.”
10.
Gisteravond “Last night”
Gisteravond gingen we laat slapen. “Last night we went to bed late.”
11.
Vanmorgen “This morning”
Vanmorgen kon ik mijn bed niet uit komen. “This morning, I couldn’t get out of bed.”
12.
Volgende week “Next week”
Volgende week reizen we naar Amsterdam. “Next week, we will travel to Amsterdam.”
13.
Al “Already”
Ik wacht al een uur op je. “I’ve already been waiting for you for an hour.”
14.
Onlangs “Recently”
Ik ben onlangs oma geworden. “I recently became a grandmother.”
15.
De laatste tijd “Lately”
De laatste tijd kan ik niet goed slapen. “Lately, I can’t sleep very well.”
16.
Snel “Soon”
Ik zie je snel. “I will see you soon.”
17.
Meteen “Immediately”
Ik duik meteen in het zwembad. “I immediately dive into the pool.”
18.
Nog “Still”
Hij is nog aan het bellen. “He is still calling.”
19.
Nog steeds “Still”
Ik ben nog steeds verliefd op jou. “I am still in love with you.”
As you can see, nog and nog steeds both mean “still.” However, nog steeds in general refers to a longer time, so something that continues over a longer time period.
20.
Geleden “Ago”
Zeven jaar geleden ging ik naar Argentinië. “Seven years ago, I went to Argentina.”
→Make sure to visit our vocabulary list on Talking about Time and discover the pronunciation of various Dutch adverbs of time.
3. Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency will give you some information on how often something takes place.
21.
Bijna “Almost”
Ik ga bijna nooit uit eten. “I almost never eat out.”
22.
Altijd “Always”
Zaterdag ga ik altijd winkelen. “I always go shopping on Saturday.”
23.
Vaak “Often”
Hij is vaak boos. “He is often angry.”
24.
Gewoonlijk “Usually”
Ik werk gewoonlijk tot zes uur. “Usually, I work until six.”
25.
Soms “Sometimes”
Ik kijk soms het nieuws. “I sometimes watch the news.”
26.
Af en toe “Occasionally”
Mijn vriend en ik gaan af en toe naar de bioscoop. “My boyfriend and I occasionally go to the movies.”
27.
Zelden “Rarely”
Mijn broer reist zelden met de auto. “My brother rarely travels by car.”
28.
Nooit “Never”
Ik ga nooit trouwen. “I will never get married.”
29.
Ooit “Someday”
Ooit wil ik graag de wereld over reizen. “Someday, I want to travel all over the world.”
30.
Meestal “Usually”
Ik ben meestal wel thuis. “I’m usually at home.”
31.
Bijna nooit “Almost never”
Ze liegt bijna nooit tegen me. “She almost never lies to me.”
32.
Regelmatig “Regularly”
Hij gaat regelmatig voetballen. “He plays football regularly.”
4. Adverbs of Place
Adverbs of place tell you more about where something takes place.
33.
Hier “Here”
Kom hier! “Come here!”
34.
Daar “There”
Ik ga daar niet naartoe. “I’m not going there.”
35.
Daarginds “Over there”
Daarginds woont mijn moeder. “My mother lives over there.”
36.
Overal “Everywhere”
Er zijn overal camera’s. “There are cameras everywhere.”
37.
Nergens “Nowhere”
De hond is nergens te vinden. “The dog is nowhere to be found.”
38.
Thuis “Home”
Hij is thuis. “He is at home.”
39.
Buiten “Outside”
Ik zit buiten. “I’m sitting outside.”
40.
Binnen “Inside”
Binnen is het lekker warm. “Inside, it’s nice and warm.”
41.
Ergens “Somewhere”
De sleutels liggen ergens in de la. “The keys are somewhere in the drawer.”
5. Adverbs of Manner
How does something happen? That’s what the adverbs of manner describe.
42.
Nogal “Quite”
Ze was nogal boos. “She was quite mad.”
43.
Echt “Really”
Hij is echt geschrokken. “He is really shocked.”
44.
Snel “Quickly”
De man rijdt snel naar huis. “The man drives home quickly.”
45.
Voorzichtig “Carefully”
Ik maak de kast voorzichtig open. “I carefully open the cupboard.”
46.
Langzaam “Slowly”
Langzaam fietsen we door de sneeuw. “Slowly, we cycle through the snow.”
47.
Goed “Well”
Het gaat goed met mij. “I am doing well.”
48.
Hard “Fast”
Hij fietst hard door de bossen. “He cycles fast through the woods.”
49.
Liefdevol “Lovingly”
Ze kijkt liefdevol naar haar vriendje. “She looks lovingly at her boyfriend.”
50.
Nauwelijks “Hardly”
Ik kan je nauwelijks bijhouden. “I can hardly keep up with you.”
51.
Merendeels “Mostly”
De zoon woont merendeels bij zijn moeder. “The son mostly lives with his mother.”
52.
Samen “Together”
Wij gaan samen winkelen. “We go shopping together.”
53.
Alleen “Alone”
Ik ben niet graag alleen. “I don’t like to be alone.”
54.
Stom “Stupidly”
Hij lachte stom om haar flauwe grap. “He laughed stupidly at her silly joke.”
55.
Slecht “Badly”
Ik dans slecht. “I dance badly.”
56.
Mooi “Beautifully”
De vrouw zingt mooi. “The woman sings beautifully.”
57.
Kwaad “Angrily”
Hij liep kwaad weg. “He walked away angrily.”
6. Adverbs of Degree
Adverbs of degree tell you to what extent something happens or is true.
58.
Heel “Very”
Onze hond is heel lief. “Our dog is very sweet.”
59.
Erg “Very”
Ik ben erg gelukkig met jou. “I am very happy with you.”
60.
Zeer “Very”
Ik vind mijn studie zeer interessant. “I find my study very interesting.”
As you can see, there are (at least) three different ways to say “very” in Dutch. Heel and erg are the most common ones. Zeer is a more serious way of saying “very.”
61.
Helemaal “Completely”
Hij eet zijn bord helemaal leeg. “He eats his plate completely empty.”
62.
Graag “Like” / “Gladly”
Zij wil graag met hem trouwen. “She would like to marry him.”
63.
Redelijk “Quite”
Het is al redelijk laat. “It is already quite late.”
64.
Vrij “Quite”
Ik ben vrij moe. “I am quite tired.”
65.
Absoluut “Absolutely”
Hij kan absoluut het beste koken. “He can definitely (absolutely) cook the best.”
66.
Veel “A lot”
In de doos zitten veel bloemen. “There are a lot of flowers in the box.”
67.
Weinig “Not much”
Ik zie hem weinig. “I don’t see him much.”
68.
Min of meer “More or less”
Ik ga min of meer twee keer per jaar op vakantie. “I go on holiday twice a year, more or less.”
69.
Genoeg “Enough”
Dat is genoeg. “That’s enough.”
70.
Nauwelijk “Hardly”
Je kunt het nauwelijks zien. “You can hardly see it.”
71.
Een beetje “A bit”
Ik ben een beetje teleurgesteld in jou. “I am a bit disappointed in you.”
72.
Wat “Something”
Ik heb zeker wat geleerd van mijn Nederlandse les. “I definitely learned something from my Dutch class.”
73.
Niets “Nothing”
Ik heb niets verkeerd gedaan. “I have done nothing wrong.”
74.
Minder “Less”
Hij is minder grappig. “He is less funny.”
75.
Onvoldoende “Not enough”
Ik heb onvoldoende gestudeerd. “I have not studied enough.”
→Learn How to Express Quantity with DutchPod101.com and have a look at which words are adverbs (see the words with “adv”).
7. Adverbs to Connect Thoughts
Some adverbs help you connect thoughts. With these, you’ll be able to form sentences and express opinions.
76.
Ook “Also”
Ik ben ook moe. “I am also tired.”
77.
Natuurlijk “Of course”
Hij is natuurlijk weer te laat. “He is, of course, too late again.”
78.
Echter “However”
Ik ben echter wel benieuwd. “However, I am curious.”
79.
Daarom “Therefore”
Daarom ga ik vandaag naar de dokter. “Therefore, I am going to the doctor today.”
80.
Aan de andere kant “On the other hand”
Aan de andere kant wil zij liever vrij zijn. “On the other hand, she would rather be free.”
81.
Ongetwijfeld “Undoubtedly”
Mexicaans eten is ongetwijfeld heel lekker. “Mexican food is undoubtedly very tasty.”
82.
In feite “In fact”
In feite is het helemaal niet zo ingewikkeld. “In fact, it’s not that complicated at all.”
83.
Eindelijk “Finally”
Ik studeer vandaag eindelijk af. “I’m finally graduating today.”
84.
Niettemin “Nevertheless”
Niettemin zal ik proberen vandaag plezier te hebben. “Nevertheless, I will try to have fun today.”
85.
Inderdaad “Indeed”
Het is inderdaad een uitdaging. “It is indeed a challenge.”
86.
In plaats van “Instead”
Zij kiest voor hem in plaats van haar beste vriendin. “She chooses him instead of her best friend.”
87.
Bovendien “Moreover”
Ik ga bovendien al over 2 dagen op vakantie. “Moreover, I will go on holiday in two days.”
88.
Ondertussen “Meanwhile”
Zij is ondertussen al getrouwd. “Meanwhile, she already got married.”
89.
Uiteindelijk “Eventually” / “In the end”
Uiteindelijk hebben ze gekozen voor iets nieuws. “In the end, they opted for something new.”
90.
Trouwens “Besides” / “By the way”
Trouwens, wist je al dat Bob en Kim uit elkaar zijn? “By the way, did you know Bob and Kim separated?”
91.
Zeker “Certainly”
Zij is zeker heel mooi. “She is certainly very beautiful.”
92.
Daarbij “In addition”
Daarbij ga ik graag naar school. “In addition, I like to go to school.”
93.
Niet “Not”
Dat is niet grappig. “That’s not funny.”
94.
Misschien “Maybe”
Ik ben misschien wel wat voorbarig geweest. “I was maybe a bit presumptuous.”
95.
Helaas “Unfortunately”
Helaas kan ik je niet verder helpen. “Unfortunately, I can’t help you further.”
96.
Eigenlijk “Actually”
Ik ben eigenlijk wel opgelucht. “Actually, I’m relieved.”
97.
Toch “Anyway”
Zij gaat toch naar huis. “She’s going home anyway.”
98.
Hè? “Huh?”
Dat vind je wel leuk, hè? “You like that, huh?”
Hè is a common Dutch catchword, and it’s a popular way to end a question.