Adverbs bring some clarity, fun, and emotion to a language. Could you imagine a language without them? It would surely make everything much more ambiguous and boring. We need adverbs to form phrases, to express our emotions, to give some perspective, and to spice up our conversations.
Luckily, there are plenty of Dutch adverbs to choose from. From adverbs describing time and frequency, to those useful adverbs that help you connect your thoughts. Through these fun adverbs, you’ll be able to explain yourself better and more clearly express your mood, opinions, and feelings.
Are you already intrigued? Then let’s start with a short guide on the use of Dutch adverbs. After this, we’ll continue with a useful Dutch adverbs list with 100 must-know adverbs. Enjoy!
Table of Contents- Dutch Adverbs User Guide
- Adverbs of Time
- Adverbs of Frequency
- Adverbs of Place
- Adverbs of Manner
- Adverbs of Degree
- Adverbs to Connect Thoughts
- How DutchPod101 Can Help You Learn More Dutch
1. Dutch Adverbs User Guide
1- What are Adverbs?
Adverbs give more information about the words they’re connected to. They work together with a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, to change its meaning or to make its meaning more precise. Adverbs can change the tone of the sentence completely or set another mood.
So let’s show you some examples to help you understand the Dutch grammar of adverbs:
Combination of an adverb and a verb:
- Ik ga morgen naar school. (“I will go to school tomorrow.”)
Here, the adverb morgen (“tomorrow”) defines the verb gaan (“to go”).
Combination of Dutch adjectives and adverbs:
- Ik ben zeer goed in het leren van talen. (“I am very good at learning languages.”)
The Dutch adverb zeer (“very”) influences the word goed, which is an adjective.
- →Learn more about the difference between adverbs and adjectives.
- →Would you like to learn more Dutch adjectives? Have a look at this list of the 50 Most Common Adjectives. Want to take it a step further? Let’s have some fun and see Which Adjective Describes Your Personality Best.
Combination of an adverb with another adverb:
- Later deze week reis ik naar Nederland. (“Later this week, I travel to the Netherlands.”)
Here, you can see how the adverb later (“later”) and the adverb deze week (“this week”) define each other.
2- Dutch Adverb Order
For the Dutch adverb placement, it’s very common to place the adverb as closely as possible after the verb. For example:
- Ik spreek zachtjes. (“I speak softly.”)
However, if you’d like to emphasize the adverb, you can put it at the beginning of the sentence:
- Bovendien, heb ik al plannen. (“Moreover, I already have plans.”)
Do you want to use more than one adverb? Then the following Dutch adverb placement is most common:
Time-Manner-Place
So adverbs of time come before adverbs of manner, and adverbs of manner come before adverbs of place.
Now that you’ve learned something about the Dutch grammar of adverbs, let’s start with our Dutch adverbs list and dive into the different adverbs. In the following sections, we’ll be covering adverbs in Dutch related to time, frequency, place, manner, degree, and those special thought connectors.
2. Adverbs of Time
Adverbs of time will tell you when something takes place.
1.
Gisteren “Yesterday” | Gisteren was ik erg moe. “Yesterday, I was very tired.” |
2.
Deze week “This week” | Deze week begin ik met mijn nieuwe baan. “This week, I start with my new job.” |
3.
Straks “Later” | Ik bel je straks. “I’ll call you later.” |
4.
Vandaag “Today” | Mijn zus gaat vandaag trouwen. “My sister gets married today.” |
5.
Morgen “Tomorrow” | Ik kan niet werken morgen. “I can’t work tomorrow.” |
6.
Dan “Then” | Hij komt dan naar huis. “He then comes home.” |
7.
Later “Later” | Later als ik groot ben… “Later, when I grow up…” |
8.
Vanavond “Tonight” | Ik heb een date vanavond. “I have a date tonight.” |
9.
Nu “Right now” | Kom nu naar huis. “Come home right now.” |
10.
Gisteravond “Last night” | Gisteravond gingen we laat slapen. “Last night we went to bed late.” |
11.
Vanmorgen “This morning” | Vanmorgen kon ik mijn bed niet uit komen. “This morning, I couldn’t get out of bed.” |
12.
Volgende week “Next week” | Volgende week reizen we naar Amsterdam. “Next week, we will travel to Amsterdam.” |
13.
Al “Already” | Ik wacht al een uur op je. “I’ve already been waiting for you for an hour.” |
14.
Onlangs “Recently” | Ik ben onlangs oma geworden. “I recently became a grandmother.” |
15.
De laatste tijd “Lately” | De laatste tijd kan ik niet goed slapen. “Lately, I can’t sleep very well.” |
16.
Snel “Soon” | Ik zie je snel. “I will see you soon.” |
17.
Meteen “Immediately” | Ik duik meteen in het zwembad. “I immediately dive into the pool.” |
18.
Nog “Still” | Hij is nog aan het bellen. “He is still calling.” |
19.
Nog steeds “Still” | Ik ben nog steeds verliefd op jou. “I am still in love with you.” |
As you can see, nog and nog steeds both mean “still.” However, nog steeds in general refers to a longer time, so something that continues over a longer time period.
20.
Geleden “Ago” | Zeven jaar geleden ging ik naar Argentinië. “Seven years ago, I went to Argentina.” |
- →Make sure to visit our vocabulary list on Talking about Time and discover the pronunciation of various Dutch adverbs of time.
3. Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency will give you some information on how often something takes place.
21.
Bijna “Almost” | Ik ga bijna nooit uit eten. “I almost never eat out.” |
22.
Altijd “Always” | Zaterdag ga ik altijd winkelen. “I always go shopping on Saturday.” |
23.
Vaak “Often” | Hij is vaak boos. “He is often angry.” |
24.
Gewoonlijk “Usually” | Ik werk gewoonlijk tot zes uur. “Usually, I work until six.” |
25.
Soms “Sometimes” | Ik kijk soms het nieuws. “I sometimes watch the news.” |
26.
Af en toe “Occasionally” | Mijn vriend en ik gaan af en toe naar de bioscoop. “My boyfriend and I occasionally go to the movies.” |
27.
Zelden “Rarely” | Mijn broer reist zelden met de auto. “My brother rarely travels by car.” |
28.
Nooit “Never” | Ik ga nooit trouwen. “I will never get married.” |
29.
Ooit “Someday” | Ooit wil ik graag de wereld over reizen. “Someday, I want to travel all over the world.” |
30.
Meestal “Usually” | Ik ben meestal wel thuis. “I’m usually at home.” |
31.
Bijna nooit “Almost never” | Ze liegt bijna nooit tegen me. “She almost never lies to me.” |
32.
Regelmatig “Regularly” | Hij gaat regelmatig voetballen. “He plays football regularly.” |
4. Adverbs of Place
Adverbs of place tell you more about where something takes place.
33.
Hier “Here” | Kom hier! “Come here!” |
34.
Daar “There” | Ik ga daar niet naartoe. “I’m not going there.” |
35.
Daarginds “Over there” | Daarginds woont mijn moeder. “My mother lives over there.” |
36.
Overal “Everywhere” | Er zijn overal camera’s. “There are cameras everywhere.” |
37.
Nergens “Nowhere” | De hond is nergens te vinden. “The dog is nowhere to be found.” |
38.
Thuis “Home” | Hij is thuis. “He is at home.” |
39.
Buiten “Outside” | Ik zit buiten. “I’m sitting outside.” |
40.
Binnen “Inside” | Binnen is het lekker warm. “Inside, it’s nice and warm.” |
41.
Ergens “Somewhere” | De sleutels liggen ergens in de la. “The keys are somewhere in the drawer.” |
5. Adverbs of Manner
How does something happen? That’s what the adverbs of manner describe.
42.
Nogal “Quite” | Ze was nogal boos. “She was quite mad.” |
43.
Echt “Really” | Hij is echt geschrokken. “He is really shocked.” |
44.
Snel “Quickly” | De man rijdt snel naar huis. “The man drives home quickly.” |
45.
Voorzichtig “Carefully” | Ik maak de kast voorzichtig open. “I carefully open the cupboard.” |
46.
Langzaam “Slowly” | Langzaam fietsen we door de sneeuw. “Slowly, we cycle through the snow.” |
47.
Goed “Well” | Het gaat goed met mij. “I am doing well.” |
48.
Hard “Fast” | Hij fietst hard door de bossen. “He cycles fast through the woods.” |
49.
Liefdevol “Lovingly” | Ze kijkt liefdevol naar haar vriendje. “She looks lovingly at her boyfriend.” |
50.
Nauwelijks “Hardly” | Ik kan je nauwelijks bijhouden. “I can hardly keep up with you.” |
51.
Merendeels “Mostly” | De zoon woont merendeels bij zijn moeder. “The son mostly lives with his mother.” |
52.
Samen “Together” | Wij gaan samen winkelen. “We go shopping together.” |
53.
Alleen “Alone” | Ik ben niet graag alleen. “I don’t like to be alone.” |
54.
Stom “Stupidly” | Hij lachte stom om haar flauwe grap. “He laughed stupidly at her silly joke.” |
55.
Slecht “Badly” | Ik dans slecht. “I dance badly.” |
56.
Mooi “Beautifully” | De vrouw zingt mooi. “The woman sings beautifully.” |
57.
Kwaad “Angrily” | Hij liep kwaad weg. “He walked away angrily.” |
6. Adverbs of Degree
Adverbs of degree tell you to what extent something happens or is true.
58.
Heel “Very” | Onze hond is heel lief. “Our dog is very sweet.” |
59.
Erg “Very” | Ik ben erg gelukkig met jou. “I am very happy with you.” |
60.
Zeer “Very” | Ik vind mijn studie zeer interessant. “I find my study very interesting.” |
As you can see, there are (at least) three different ways to say “very” in Dutch. Heel and erg are the most common ones. Zeer is a more serious way of saying “very.”
61.
Helemaal “Completely” | Hij eet zijn bord helemaal leeg. “He eats his plate completely empty.” |
62.
Graag “Like” / “Gladly” | Zij wil graag met hem trouwen. “She would like to marry him.” |
63.
Redelijk “Quite” | Het is al redelijk laat. “It is already quite late.” |
64.
Vrij “Quite” | Ik ben vrij moe. “I am quite tired.” |
65.
Absoluut “Absolutely” | Hij kan absoluut het beste koken. “He can definitely (absolutely) cook the best.” |
66.
Veel “A lot” | In de doos zitten veel bloemen. “There are a lot of flowers in the box.” |
67.
Weinig “Not much” | Ik zie hem weinig. “I don’t see him much.” |
68.
Min of meer “More or less” | Ik ga min of meer twee keer per jaar op vakantie. “I go on holiday twice a year, more or less.” |
69.
Genoeg “Enough” | Dat is genoeg. “That’s enough.” |
70.
Nauwelijk “Hardly” | Je kunt het nauwelijks zien. “You can hardly see it.” |
71.
Een beetje “A bit” | Ik ben een beetje teleurgesteld in jou. “I am a bit disappointed in you.” |
72.
Wat “Something” | Ik heb zeker wat geleerd van mijn Nederlandse les. “I definitely learned something from my Dutch class.” |
73.
Niets “Nothing” | Ik heb niets verkeerd gedaan. “I have done nothing wrong.” |
74.
Minder “Less” | Hij is minder grappig. “He is less funny.” |
75.
Onvoldoende “Not enough” | Ik heb onvoldoende gestudeerd. “I have not studied enough.” |
- →Learn How to Express Quantity with DutchPod101.com and have a look at which words are adverbs (see the words with “adv”).
7. Adverbs to Connect Thoughts
Some adverbs help you connect thoughts. With these, you’ll be able to form sentences and express opinions.
76.
Ook “Also” | Ik ben ook moe. “I am also tired.” |
77.
Natuurlijk “Of course” | Hij is natuurlijk weer te laat. “He is, of course, too late again.” |
78.
Echter “However” | Ik ben echter wel benieuwd. “However, I am curious.” |
79.
Daarom “Therefore” | Daarom ga ik vandaag naar de dokter. “Therefore, I am going to the doctor today.” |
80.
Aan de andere kant “On the other hand” | Aan de andere kant wil zij liever vrij zijn. “On the other hand, she would rather be free.” |
81.
Ongetwijfeld “Undoubtedly” | Mexicaans eten is ongetwijfeld heel lekker. “Mexican food is undoubtedly very tasty.” |
82.
In feite “In fact” | In feite is het helemaal niet zo ingewikkeld. “In fact, it’s not that complicated at all.” |
83.
Eindelijk “Finally” | Ik studeer vandaag eindelijk af. “I’m finally graduating today.” |
84.
Niettemin “Nevertheless” | Niettemin zal ik proberen vandaag plezier te hebben. “Nevertheless, I will try to have fun today.” |
85.
Inderdaad “Indeed” | Het is inderdaad een uitdaging. “It is indeed a challenge.” |
86.
In plaats van “Instead” | Zij kiest voor hem in plaats van haar beste vriendin. “She chooses him instead of her best friend.” |
87.
Bovendien “Moreover” | Ik ga bovendien al over 2 dagen op vakantie. “Moreover, I will go on holiday in two days.” |
88.
Ondertussen “Meanwhile” | Zij is ondertussen al getrouwd. “Meanwhile, she already got married.” |
89.
Uiteindelijk “Eventually” / “In the end” | Uiteindelijk hebben ze gekozen voor iets nieuws. “In the end, they opted for something new.” |
90.
Trouwens “Besides” / “By the way” | Trouwens, wist je al dat Bob en Kim uit elkaar zijn? “By the way, did you know Bob and Kim separated?” |
91.
Zeker “Certainly” | Zij is zeker heel mooi. “She is certainly very beautiful.” |
92.
Daarbij “In addition” | Daarbij ga ik graag naar school. “In addition, I like to go to school.” |
93.
Niet “Not” | Dat is niet grappig. “That’s not funny.” |
94.
Misschien “Maybe” | Ik ben misschien wel wat voorbarig geweest. “I was maybe a bit presumptuous.” |
95.
Helaas “Unfortunately” | Helaas kan ik je niet verder helpen. “Unfortunately, I can’t help you further.” |
96.
Eigenlijk “Actually” | Ik ben eigenlijk wel opgelucht. “Actually, I’m relieved.” |
97.
Toch “Anyway” | Zij gaat toch naar huis. “She’s going home anyway.” |
98.
Hè? “Huh?” | Dat vind je wel leuk, hè? “You like that, huh?” |
Hè is a common Dutch catchword, and it’s a popular way to end a question.
99.
Zeg “Say” | Dat heeft ze goed gedaan, zeg. “She did well, I say.” |
Zeg means “say,” and it’s usually used to put emphasis on something said before.
100.
Blijkbaar “Apparently” | Blijkbaar is zij verliefd op hem. “Apparently, she is in love with him.” |
- →Would you like to learn the pronunciation of some of the Adverbs and Phrases for Connecting Thoughts? Have a look here and practice your pronunciation with the audio recordings. It’s freely available on DutchPod101.com.
8. How DutchPod101 Can Help You Learn More Dutch
In this guide, we’ve shown you the ins and outs of Dutch adverbs: Dutch adverb order, Dutch adverb placement in sentences, and a massive Dutch adverbs list. In our list of the 100 most useful Dutch adverbs, you learned all about the Dutch grammar of adverbs as well.
Are you ready now to take this new knowledge into your daily life? Are you ready to put these adverbs into practice? To do this, you need to be able to form sentences with Verbs and Pronouns.
Would you like some special attention? Remember that we also offer a Premium PLUS service with personal one-on-one coaching: MyTeacher. Let your private teacher help you with Dutch adjectives and adverbs, verbs, pronunciation, and much more. You’ll receive personalized exercises, constructive feedback, and interactive assignments.
Happy learning on DutchPod101.com!
Beginner’s Guide to Dutch Verb Conjugation
Why is it so important to study Dutch verb conjugation? Verbs are a crucial aspect of any language, and Dutch is no exception. But to be able to use verbs well, you have to understand their conjugation. What verb form should you use, when and why?
First, it’s important to understand the concept of conjugation and how it influences the Dutch language. After that, you can proceed to learning the different types of Dutch verbs. And with that information, you’ll have the tools to start understanding Dutch verb conjugation.
Conjugation is a basic skill that you need to really understand the Dutch language. But don’t panic; we’re here to help you. In this Beginner’s Guide, we’ll take you by the hand and explain everything you need to know about Dutch verb conjugation.
Is making Dutch sentences still a challenge for you? Then have a look at our Top 10 Sentence Patterns for Beginners.
Table of Contents- What is Conjugation?
- The Five Types of Verbs
- Present Simple
- Past Simple
- The Present & Past Perfect
- Future Simple
- Future Perfect
- Conditional
- How DutchPod101 Can Help You Learn More Dutch
1. What is Conjugation?
Dutch verb conjugation defines how the verbs change depending on the person, the number of subjects, the politeness level, and the tense. |
Okay, but what does that mean? Let’s give you some examples.
1- Persons, number of subjects, and politeness level
1st person singular | ik | “I” |
2nd person singular | jij / u | “you” (casual) / “you” (formal) |
3rd person singular | hij / zij | “he” / “she” |
1st person plural | wij | “we” |
2nd person plural | jullie | “you” |
3rd person plural | zij | “they” |
Quite similarly to English, Dutch regular verbs don’t change with every different person. However, irregular verbs are a different story.
For example, the irregular verb zijn (“to be”) in present tense:
- Ik ben (“I am”)
- Hij is (“He is”)
- U/Jij bent (“You are” formal/casual)
- Wij zijn (“We are”)
- Jullie zijn (“You are”)
- Zij zijn (“They are”)
As you can see, the Dutch verb conjugation also changes because of the number of subjects (for example, see the difference between “you” and “they”).
The politeness level doesn’t have such a big influence on the Dutch language, unless you use hebben (“to have”) in the present tense. Take a look at this brief Dutch conjugation table:
Dutch conjugation of hebben (“to have”) | Jij hebt (“you have” casual) | U heeft (“you have” formal) |
2- The Dutch verb tenses
The Dutch language has two main tenses: the present simple and the past simple. Besides these two tenses, there are also some “semi-tenses.” The six semi-tenses appear when the present or past tense interacts with an aspect (temporary or continuing) or a mood (factual or hypothetical).
Thus, the Dutch language has, in total, eight tenses. Each one has a different use:
The eight tenses of the regular verb praten (“to talk”) | |||
---|---|---|---|
1. Onvoltooid Tegenwoordige Tijd (“Present Simple”) | Used to describe something that is happening now. | Ik praat. | “I talk.” |
2. Onvoltooid Verleden Tijd (“Past Simple”) | Used to describe a situation that happened in the past. | Ik praatte. | “I talked.” |
3. Voltooid Tegenwoordige Tijd (“Present Perfect”) | Used to describe something that happened in the past and has already ended. | Ik heb gepraat. | “I have talked.” |
4. Voltooid Verleden Tijd (“Past Perfect”) | Used to describe an action or event that happened in the past and ended in the past. | Ik had gepraat. | “I had talked.” |
5. Onvoltooid Tegenwoordige Toekomende Tijd (“Future Simple”) | Used to talk about something that will happen in the future. | Ik zal praten. | “I will talk.” |
6. Voltooid Tegenwoordige Toekomende Tijd (“Future Perfect”) | Used to describe an action that will have been completed before another action in the future. | Ik zal hebben gepraat. | “I will have talked.” |
7. Onvoltooid Verleden Toekomende Tijd (“Conditional”) | Used in a “what if” scenario; used to speculate about something. | Ik zou praten. | “I would talk.” |
8. Voltooid Verleden Toekomende Tijd (“Conditional Perfect”) | Used to describe a future hypothetical situation in the past. | Ik zou hebben gepraat. | “I would have talked.” |
The Dutch verb praten is a regular (weak) verb, which makes the above exercise a bit easier. Let’s have a look at all of the five types of Dutch verbs.
2. The Five Types of Verbs
In the Dutch language, there exist five types of verbs:
- Irregular verbs
- Weak verbs of the T-class
- Weak verbs of the D-class
- Strong verbs
- Mixed verbs
1- Irregular verbs
Irregular verbs are difficult as they’re quite unpredictable. Unfortunately, several important Dutch verbs are irregular. We already showed this before with the irregular verb zijn (“to be”). Another example of Dutch irregular verbs conjugation is the Dutch hebben (“to have”) conjugation:
- Ik heb (“I have”)
- Jij hebt (“You have” casual)
- U heeft (“You have” formal)
- Hij heeft (“He has”)
- Wij hebben (“We have”)
- Jullie hebben (“You have”)
- Zij hebben (“They have”)
Some other irregular Dutch verbs are willen (conjugation in Dutch) and mogen (conjugation in Dutch).
2- Weak verbs of the T-class
Luckily, not everything is irregular in the Dutch language. A great example of this are the weak verbs.
Weak verbs are the most common type of verb in Dutch. They’re regular and end with -d or -t. Let’s first show you the Dutch weak verbs of the T-class; these always have a –t in the past tense:
Fietsen (“to bike”) | Ik fiets (“I bike”) | Ik fietste (“I biked”) | Ik heb gefietst (“I have biked”) |
3- Weak verbs of the D-class
Let’s continue and have a look at the weak verbs of the D-class. These are regular verbs that always have a -d in the past tense:
Redden (“to save”) | Ik red (“I save”) | Ik redde (“I saved”) | Ik heb gered (“I have saved”) |
4- Strong verbs
In strong verbs, the vowel changes when going from the simple present tense to other tenses. You can also recognize a strong verb in the past participle, which often ends with -en.
Let’s have a look at some examples in this Dutch verb conjugation chart:
Geven (“to give”) | Ik geef (“I give”) | Ik gaf (“I gave”) | Ik heb gegeven (“I have given”) |
Lopen (“to walk”) | Ik loop (“I walk”) | Ik liep (“I walked”) | Ik heb gelopen (“I have walked”) |
Sluiten (“to close”) | Ik sluit (“I close”) | Ik sloot (“I closed”) | Ik heb gesloten (“I have closed”) |
5- Mixed verbs
Last but not least, there are also verbs that have a mixture of strong and weak elements. These so-called “mixed verbs” are quite common in the Dutch language.
The most common mixed verb form is the one that has a weak past tense, but a strong past participle ending with -en:
Vouwen (“to fold”) | Ik vouw (“I fold”) | Ik vouwde (“I folded”) | Ik heb gevouwen (“I have folded”) |
Lachen (“to laugh”) | Ik lach (“I laugh”) | Ik lachte (“I laughed”) | Ik heb gelachen (“I have laughed”) |
However, there also exist a smaller group of verbs with the reverse situation: a strong past tense, but a weak past participle.
Vraag (“to ask”) | Ik vraag (“I ask”) | Ik vroeg (“I asked”) | Ik heb gevraagd (“I have asked”) |
Jagen (“to hunt”) | Ik jaag (“I hunt”) | Ik joeg (“I hunted”) | Ik heb gejaagd (“I have hunted”) |
Okay, we know all about the different types of Dutch verbs. Let’s now dive into the wonderful world of Dutch verb conjugation.
- →Would you like to improve your Dutch vocabulary so you can really use the verb conjugation? Visit our vocabulary lists on the Most Useful Pronouns, 50 Most Common Adjectives, and 50 Most Common Nouns.
3. Present Simple
- →Used to describe something that is happening now.
1- Weak and strong verbs
In the present simple tense, you can’t see the difference between strong verbs, weak verbs of the T-class, or weak verbs of the D-class. Let’s have a look at the Dutch present tense conjugation of weak and strong verbs.
To conjugate the singular form (I, you, he, she, it), you can take the infinitive, remove the -en to get the crude stem, and add the -t. However, it’s not always this easy. There are some exceptions:
- Does the crude stem end with a -z? Then the first person singular ends with an -s. For example: Reizen – ik reis (“To travel” – “I travel”).
- Does the crude stem end with a -v? Then the first person singular ends with an -f. For example: Schrijven – ik schrijf (“To write” – “I write”).
- Is there a double-consonant ending? Then remove one of the consonants. For example: Vallen – ik val (“To fall” – “I fall”).
- Does the vowel of the crude stem sound different than the vowel of the infinitive? Then this must be adapted by changing the vowel. For example, a becomes aa or o becomes oo. Let’s have a look: Lopen – ik loop (“To walk” – “I walk”).
In the case of the plural form (we, you, they), you can use the infinitive directly.
Simple Present – Dutch verb conjugation chart For weak and strong verbs Example: voelen (“to feel”) | |||
Singular | Plural | ||
I + stem (“I feel”) | Ik + stem (Ik voel) | We + infinitive (“We feel”) | We/Wij + infinitive (We/Wij voelen) |
Casual – You + stem + t (“You feel”) Formal – You + stem + t (“You feel”) | Jij + stem + t (Jij voelt) U + stem + t (U voelt) | You (plural) + infinitive (“You feel”) | Jullie + infinitive (Jullie voelen) |
He/She/It + stem + t (“He/She/It feels) | Hij/Zij/Het + stem + t (Hij/Zij/Het voelt) | They + infinitive (“They feel”) | Zij + infinitive (Zij voelen) |
- →Do you need some help recognizing the infinitive of a Dutch verb? When you look up a verb in the Dutch dictionary, you’ll find the infinitive. The Dutch infinitives are the plural and present tense verbs. They usually end with en, like in praten (“to talk”), and sometimes with only n, like in zijn (“to be”).
- →Is the verb separable? Then remove the separable prefix from the verb, and add it to the end of the phrase as a separate word (for example: aanbellen (“to ring”) – ik bel aan).
2- Verbs having an –aan ending
Does the infinitive of a verb have an -aan ending? Then remove the -n to get the stem.
Let’s look at an example of a verb with an -aan ending:
Gaan (“to go”) in simple present | |||
Singular | Plural | ||
“I go” | Ik ga | “We go” | We gaan |
“You go” | Jij gaat | “You go” | Jullie staan |
“He goes” | Hij gaat | “They go” | Ze gaan |
In the first person conjugation, it looks like a letter is missing, but the pronunciation of a or aa is the same in Dutch. Therefore, this is the correct spelling.
3- Irregular verbs
Irregular verbs are unpredictable. All you can do is memorize them. The Dutch language has six completely irregular verbs.
Let’s have a look at them in the present simple tense in this Dutch verb conjugation chart:
Subject | Hebben conjugation Dutch (“to have”) | Kunnen conjugation Dutch (“can”) | Mogen conjugation Dutch (“to be allowed to”) | Willen conjugation Dutch (“to want”) | Zijn conjugation Dutch (“to be”) | Zullen conjugation Dutch (“shall”) |
Ik | heb | kan | mag | wil | ben | zal |
Jij, u | hebt | kunt | mag | wilt | bent | zult |
Hij, zij, het | heeft | kan | mag | wil | is | zalzal |
Wij | hebben | kunnen | mogen | willen | zijn | zullen |
Jullie | hebben | kunnen | mogen | willen | zijn | zullen |
Zij | hebben | kunnen | mogen | willen | zijn | zullen |
- →Do you find it difficult to memorize verbs? Find some useful tips on remembering words.
4. Past Simple
- →Used to describe a situation that happened in the past.
1- Weak verbs
A weak verb can either belong to the T-class or D-class. But how can you recognize which class a weak verb belongs to?
- Step 1: Remove the -en to get the crude stem.
- Step 2: Have a look at the last letter of the crude stem.
- Step 3: Check if it is one of the following: f, ch, s, t, k, p.
- Step 4: Is it? Then it’s a T-verb. If not, it’s a D-verb.
For example, see the verb voelen (“to feel”). The crude stem is voel, the last letter of the crude stem is –l, and this isn’t one of the endings mentioned. Therefore, it belongs to the D-class: Ik voelde (“I felt”).
Another example is the verb haten (“to hate”). The crude stem is haat (add an a to make the vowel sound the same as in the infinitive), and the last letter of the crude stem is -t, making it a T-verb: Ik haatte (“I hated”).
Simple Past for Weak Verbs of the T-class – Dutch Verb Conjugation Chart Stem + te (singular) or Stem + ten (plural) | |||
Singular | Plural | ||
I stem + te | Ik stem + te | We stem + ten | We stem + ten |
You stem + te (casual) You stem + te (formal) | Je stem + te U stem + te | You stem + ten (plural) | Jullie stem + ten |
He stem + te She stem + te It stem + te | Hij stem + te Ze stem + te Het stem + te | They stem + ten | Ze stem + ten |
You can replace the stem with the stem of a T-class verb. For example, zet from the verb zetten (“to put”):
- Ik zette
- Je zette
- Hij zette
- We zetten
- Jullie zetten
- Ze zetten
Simple Past for Weak Verbs of the D-class – Dutch Verb Conjugation Chart Stem + de (singular) or Stem + den (plural) | |||
Singular | Plural | ||
I stem + de | Ik stem + de | We stem + den | We stem + den |
You stem + de (casual) You stem + de (formal) | Je stem + de U stem + de | You stem + den (plural) | Jullie stem + den |
He stem + de She stem + de It stem + de | Hij stem + de Ze stem + de Het stem + de | They stem + den | Ze stem + den |
You can replace the stem with the stem of a D-class verb. For example, voel from the verb voelen (“to feel”):
- Ik voelde
- Je voelde
- Hij voelde
- We voelden
- Jullie voelden
- Ze voelden
2- Strong verbs
As in the present tense, vowel changes can also occur in the past tense. The Dutch language has a lot of different strong verbs; however, we’ve divided them into groups in this Dutch verb conjugation table.
Groups of strong verbs | Verb | Example |
---|---|---|
e in the infinitive gets ie in the past form. | Werpen (“to throw”) | Ik wierp (“I threw”) |
ij in the infinitive gets ee in the past form. | Blijven (“to stay”) | Ik bleef (“I stayed”) |
e in the infinitive gets o in the past form. | Vechten (“to fight”) | Ik vocht (“I fought”) |
e in the infinitive gets a in the past form. | Nemen (“to take”) | Ik nam (“I took”) |
i in the infinitive gets a in the past form. | Bidden (“to pray”) | Ik bad (“I prayed”) |
a in the infinitive gets ie in the past form. | Slapen (“to sleep”) | Ik sliep (“I slept”) |
ui in the infinitive gets oo in the past form. | Sluiten (“to close”) | Ik sloot (“I closed”) |
a in the infinitive gets oe in the past form. | Dragen (“to carry”) | Ik droeg (“I carried”) |
Ik droeg (“I carried”) | Vergeten (“to forget”) | Ik vergat (“I forgot”) |
a in the infinitive gets i in the past form. | Vangen (“to catch”) | Ik ving (“I caught”) |
o in the infinitive gets ie in the past form. | Lopen (“to walk”) | Ik liep (“I walked”) |
iez in the infinitive gets oor in the past form. | Vriezen (“to freeze”) | Ik vroor (“I froze”) |
i in the infinitive gets o in the past form. | Drinken (“to drink”) | Ik dronk (“I drank”) |
ends in -cht in the past form. | Denken (“to think”) | Ik dacht (“I thought”) |
3- Irregular verbs
This Dutch verb conjugation chart shows you the conjugation of the six Dutch irregular verbs in the past tense:
Subject | Hebben conjugation Dutch (“to have”) | Kunnen conjugation Dutch (“can”) | Mogen conjugation Dutch (“to be allowed to”) | Willen conjugation Dutch (“to want”) | Zijn conjugation Dutch (“to be”) | Zullen conjugation Dutch (“shall”) |
Ik (“I”) | had | kon | mocht | wilde | was | zou |
Jij, u (“you”) | had | kon | mocht | wilde | was | zou |
Hij, zij, het (“he, she, it”) | had | kon | mocht | wilde | was | zou |
Wij (“we”) | hadden | konden | mochten | wilden | waren | zouden |
Jullie (“you”) | hadden | konden | mochten | wilden | waren | zouden |
Zij (“they”) | hadden | konden | mochten | wilden | waren | zouden |
5. The Present & Past Perfect
1- The past participle
There are different rules for the past participle of weak and strong verbs.
Let’s start with the weak verbs. Here, the following rule applies:
ge- (prefix) + stem + -t/-d (ending)
- →Regarding the prefix, if the verb already starts with a prefix (ge-, be-, er-, her-, ver-, ont-), then you don’t have to add the ge-.
→Regarding the ending, have a look at the stem of the verb. Does it end with one of these letters: f, ch, s, t, k, p? Then the past participle ends with a -t. If not, then it ends with a -d.
→Does the stem end in -t or –d? Then no extra -t or -d has to be added.
For example, the verb voelen (“to feel”): voel is the stem and gevoeld is the past participle.
For example, the verb fietsen (“to bike”): fiets is the stem and gefietst is the past participle.
The strong verbs have the following past participle rule:
ge- (prefix) + stem + -en (ending)
For example, the verb lopen (“to walk”): loop is the stem and gelopen is the past participle.
For example, the verb zingen (“to sing”): zing is the stem and gezongen is the past participle.
- →Remember, in strong verbs, the vowel may change!
→Remember, if the verb already starts with a prefix (ge-, be-, er-, her-, ver-, ont-), then you don’t have to add the ge-.
2- Present perfect
- →Used to describe something that happened in the past and has already ended.
To master the Dutch verb conjugation rules for present perfect, you need to know the following things:
- The present tense of zijn (“to be”) or hebben (“to have”).
- The past participle of your verb.
So, the present perfect is:
Subject + present tense of zijn/hebben + past participle
Let’s have a look at some examples:
Ik heb gelezen (“I have read”) — Present tense of the Dutch hebben conjugation + past participle of strong verb lezen
Hij is gegroeid (“He has grown”) — Present tense of zijn (notice that in Dutch, we say “He is grown”) + past participle of weak verb groeien
3- Past perfect
- →Used to describe an action or event that happened in the past and ended in the past.
To be able to use the past perfect, you need to know:
- The past tense of zijn (“to be”), hebben (“to have”), or worden (“to become”).
- The past participle of your verb.
So, the past perfect is:
Subject + past tense of zijn/hebben/worden + past participle
Let’s give you some examples:
Hij had gewacht (“He had waited”) — Past tense of the Dutch hebben conjugation + past participle of weak verb wachten
We zijn begonnen (“We have started”) — Past tense of zijn (in Dutch, we say “We are started”) + past participle of strong verb beginnen
Ik werd gebracht (“I was brought”) — Past tense of worden + past participle of weak verb brengen
6. Future Simple
- →Used to talk about something that will happen in the future.
Follow this simple rule to make the Dutch simple future:
Present tense zullen (“shall”) + infinitive
Subject | Form | Schrijven (“to write”) | Kijken (“to watch”) |
---|---|---|---|
Ik (“I”) | zal + infinitive | Ik zal schrijven | Ik zal kijken |
Jij, u (“you”) | zult + infinitive | Jij zult schrijven | Jij zal kijken |
Hij, zij, het (“he, she, it”) | zal + infinitive | Zij zal schrijven | Zij zal kijken |
Wij (“we”) | zullen + infinitive | Wij zullen schrijven | Wij zullen kijken |
Jullie (“you”) | zullen + infinitive | Jullie zullen schrijven | Jullie zullen kijken |
Zij (“they”) | zullen + infinitive | Zij zullen schrijven | Zij zullen kijken |
7. Future Perfect
- →Used to describe an action that will have been completed before another action in the future.
Knowing the simple future, you can now also make the future perfect:
Future simple of Dutch conjugation hebben or zijn + past participle
Or…
Zullen (“shall”) + Dutch conjugation of hebben or zijn + past participle
Subject | Form | Lachen (“to laugh”) | Gaan (“to go”) |
---|---|---|---|
Ik (“I”) | zal + hebben/zijn + past participle | Ik zal hebben gelachen | Ik zal zijn gegaan |
Jij, u (“you”) | zult + hebben/zijn + past participle | Jij zult hebben gelachen | Jij zult zijn gegaan |
Hij, zij, het (“he, she, it”) | zal + hebben/zijn + past participle | Hij zal hebben gelachen | Hij zal zijn gegaan |
Wij (“we”) | zullen +hebben/zijn + past participle | Wij zullen hebben gelachen | Wij zullen zijn gegaan |
Jullie (“you”) | zullen +hebben/zijn + past participle | Jullie zullen hebben gelachen | Jullie zullen zijn gegaan |
Zij (“they”) | zullen +hebben/zijn + past participle | Zij zullen hebben gelachen | Zij zullen zijn gegaan |
8. Conditional
- →Used in a “what if” scenario; used to speculate about something.
Follow the following rule to make the Dutch conditional tense:
Zouden (“would”) + infinitive
Subject | Form | Rennen (“to run”) |
---|---|---|
Ik (“I”) | zou + infinitive | Ik zou rennen |
Jij, u (“you”) | zou + infinitive | Jij zou rennen |
Hij, zij, het (“he, she, it”) | zou + infinitive | Hij zou rennen |
Wij (“we”) | zouden + infinitive | Wij zouden rennen |
Jullie (“you”) | zouden + infinitive | Jullie zouden rennen |
Zij (“they”) | zouden + infinitive | Zij zouden rennen |
1- Dutch conditional perfect
- →Used to describe a future hypothetical situation in the past.
The conjugation of the Dutch conditional perfect is very similar to the conjugation of the future perfect tense. The following rule is used to form the conditional perfect:
Zouden (past tense of zullen [“shall”]) + Dutch conjugation of hebben/zijn + past participle
Subject | Form | Schreeuwen (“to scream”) | Verdronken (“to drown”) |
---|---|---|---|
Ik (“I”) | zou + hebben/zijn + infinitive | Ik zou hebben geschreeuwd | Ik zou zijn verdronken |
Jij, u (“you”) | zou + hebben/zijn + infinitive | Jij zou hebben geschreeuwd | U zou zijn verdronken |
Hij, zij, het (“he, she, it”) | zou + hebben/zijn + infinitive | Zij zou hebben geschreeuwd | Hij zou zijn verdronken |
Wij (“we”) | zouden + hebben/zijn + infinitive | Wij zouden hebben geschreeuwd | Wij zouden zijn verdronken |
Jullie (“you”) | zouden + hebben/zijn + infinitive | Jullie zouden hebben geschreeuwd | Jullie zouden zijn verdronken |
Zij (“they”) | zouden + hebben/zijn + infinitive | Zij zouden hebben geschreeuwd | Zij zouden zijn verdronken |
- →Would you like to learn more verbs and their pronunciation? Then listen to this podcast on twenty-five verbs that are used every day in Dutch.
→Do you want to conjugate more verbs? Use an online verb conjugator.
9. How DutchPod101 Can Help You Learn More Dutch
In this guide, you’ve learned all about the Dutch verb conjugations, from the five different types of Dutch verbs to the eight Dutch tenses. You now know how to deal with all of them.
Are you ready to rumble and start using the Dutch verb conjugation in your daily life? Or would you like to get some more help?
Make sure to explore DutchPod101.com as it has a lot to offer, such as the multiple vocabulary lists with audio recordings and other useful free resources. Start practicing Dutch conjugations with DutchPod101’s tools, and learn new words and verbs while you’re at it. Practice is key!
Would you like some one-on-one coaching? Remember that DutchPod101 also has the MyTeacher Premium PLUS service. Here, you can practice Dutch verb conjugation with your own private teacher and really master the Dutch tenses. Through personalized feedback and pronunciation advice, you can master the Dutch language in no time.
Learn Dutch Verb Conjugation & 100 Common Dutch Verbs
Have you read DutchPod101’s articles on 100 Nouns, 100 Adjectives, and Pronouns? By reading this series of articles, you’ll slowly but surely learn more and more about the Dutch language. Learning a language is like completing a big puzzle, piece by piece. Nouns, adjectives, and pronouns are of course crucial pieces, but how can you use them without knowing some common Dutch verbs?
Have you ever been in a situation where you were trying to speak Dutch using the words that you just learned, but you were incapable of expressing yourself because you didn’t remember a verb? Verbs are a vital part of speech for connecting words. By learning some key Dutch verbs, you’ll expand your capacity to build phrases, creating a good basis for your daily interactions in Dutch.
Don’t despair, the help of DutchPod101 is near! We present to you this article on the top 100 most common Dutch verbs. To help you even more, we’ll start by giving you some useful tips to help you understand and master Dutch verbs.
- → Want to improve your Dutch vocabulary? Make sure to visit our vocabulary lists on the Most Useful Pronouns, 50 Most Common Adjectives, or 50 Most Common Nouns.
- Mastering Dutch Language Verbs
- The 100 Most Useful Verbs in Dutch
- How DutchPod101 Can Help You Learn Better Dutch
1. Mastering Dutch Language Verbs
Are you a bit intimidated by Dutch verbs and grammar? Are you unsure of how to start and where to start? Don’t worry. With some easy tips and tricks, we’ll help you master Dutch verbs.
A. How can you recognize a Dutch verb?
So, let’s start at the beginning: What is a verb? Verbs are action words. In sentences, these action words describe what the subject is doing. Therefore, verbs, together with nouns, are a crucial part of a sentence. Even the most simple sentences have a verb! For example:
- Ik ben Tom.
“I am Tom.”
A verb can also be a sentence on its own:
- Zing!
“Sing!”
or
- Kom!
“Come!”
So how can you recognize verbs? You can recognize them by looking for the part of the sentence that explains the action taking place. This can either be something that someone is doing, such as in the words rennen (“to run”), eten (“to eat”), and gaan (“to go”), or something that happens, such as in the words sneeuwen (“to snow”) or waaien (“to blow”).
However, there also exist verbs that don’t include such a clear action. For example, these can be verbs that describe an opinion, an emotion, a possession, or a state of being: voelen (“to feel”), zijn (“to be”), hebben (“to have”), or houden van (“to love”).
Another way to recognize a verb is to find its location compared to the subject. In sentences, verbs almost always come after a noun or pronoun (the subject):
- Hij denkt aan school.
“He thinks about school.”
B. What is the Dutch infinitive?
What is the entire verb (the infinitive) in Dutch? Well, Dutch infinitive verbs are the plural and present tense verbs. They usually end with -en, as in lopen (“to walk”). Sometimes, they end with only -n, as in zijn (“to be”).
Before the Dutch infinitive, you can almost always put Ik kan (“I can”):
- Ik kan fietsen.
“I can cycle.”
or
- Ik kan werken.
“I can work.”
C. The Dutch verb tenses
So, how many tenses are there in Dutch?
Dutch has two main tenses: the present and the past. However, there exist some “semi-tenses” that appear when these two tenses (present or past) interact with a mood (factual or hypothetical) or an aspect (temporary or continuing). Through these combinations, six other tenses are created, giving Dutch a total of eight basic tenses:
The eight tenses of the verb praten (“to talk”) | ||
---|---|---|
1. Onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd (“Present Simple”) | Ik praat | “I talk” |
2. Onvoltooid verleden tijd (“Past Simple”) | Ik praatte | “I talked” |
3. Voltooid tegenwoordige tijd (“Present Perfect”) | Ik heb gepraat | “I have talked” |
4. Voltooid verleden tijd (“Past Perfect”) | Ik had gepraat | “I had talked” |
5. Onvoltooid tegenwoordige toekomende tijd (“Future Simple”) | Ik zal praten | “I will talk” |
6. Voltooid tegenwoordige toekomende tijd (“Future Perfect”) | Ik zal hebben gepraat | “I will have talked” |
7. Onvoltooid verleden toekomende tijd (“Conditional”) | Ik zou praten | “I would talk” |
8. Voltooid verleden toekomende tijd (“Conditional Perfect”) | Ik zou hebben gepraat | “I would have talked” |
Is this Dutch conjugation table a bit intimidating? Praten is one of the Dutch regular verbs—it can get more complicated for irregular verbs. Don’t worry, let’s take it step by step. It gets easier when you start learning the logic and patterns of Dutch grammar and verbs.
D. How to learn Dutch verbs effectively
So let’s take a step back and first give you an idea of the most common Dutch verbs. Don’t worry yet about Dutch verb conjugation, the rules and the exceptions. Pass through this Dutch verbs list of 100 must-know verbs and ask yourself the following questions:
- How does the infinitive end?
- How does it end now that it’s conjugated with a pronoun?
- Is it like one of the Dutch regular verbs, or could it be irregular?
To keep it easy, we’ll stick to the Tegenwoordige tijd (“Present Simple”) for all of the examples in this article.
Last but not least, look for the basic and most useful Dutch verbs, like the verb “to have” in Dutch (hebben), or “to be” (zijn). These are the first verbs you should know when you start to learn Dutch.
- → Would you like to learn by listening to the verbs? Listen to this podcast on twenty-five verbs that are used every day in Dutch.
2. The 100 Most Useful Verbs in Dutch
Let’s start diving into the 100 most useful Dutch verbs. To create a logical Dutch verb list, we’ve listed the verbs in alphabetical order (based on the Dutch spelling). This way, you can easily find the verb you’re looking for.
1.